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74 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
3 blood vessels
arteries, capillaries, veins
arteries
carry blood that is almost always high in oxygen (exception: pulmonary artery - carries blood that is low in oxygen) from the heart to tissues and organs
3 kinds of arteries
arterioles, aorta, coronary arteries
arterioles
little arteries
aorta
largest artery
coronary arteries
branch from the aorta and provides the myocardium with blood. Through the coronary arteries, is the only way the heart muscle can get blood/oxygen.
Veins
carry blood that is almost always low in oxygen (exception: pulmonary vein - carries blood that is high in oxygen) to the heart
3 kinds of veins
venules, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava
venules
little veins
superior vena cava
large vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the upper part of the body, to the heart
inferior vena cava
large vein that brings blood low in oxygen from the lower part of the body to the heart
Capillaries
join the arterial (arteries) system with the venous (veins) system
The 3 layers (tissue) of the heart are:
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
endocardium
inner layer; as the textbook indicates, lines the four chambers of the heart and its valves and is continuous with the arteries and veins
myocardium
middle layer; muscular layer of the heart (heart muscle)
epicardium
outer layer
atria chambers of heart (2)
receive blood, upper chambers
ventricules chambers of heart (2)
pump blood
septum
divides right and left halves of heart
tricuspid valve
between right atrium and right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
bicuspid/mitral valve
between left atrium and left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
between left ventricle and aorta
SA (sinoatrial node)
is our pacemaker. It is located in the right atrium and sets the pace for our heartbeat
ECG/EKG - electrocardiogram
is the record of the electricity of the heart
Blood pressure
is the amount of force the blood is putting on the walls of the arteries
Systole
the top number; largest number; when the most force is exerted by the blood against the arterial walls; when the blood is forced out of the heart; contraction phase
Diastole
Diastole the bottom number; smallest number; when the least force is exerted by the blood against the arterial walls; when the ventricles are filling with blood; relaxation phase
atherosclerosis
(hardening of plaque) - plaque builds up in the innermost layer of the artery causing the lumen (opening in the artery) to become smaller and a decreased amount of blood (therefore oxygen) from getting to the tissues.
thrombosis
blood clots, which totally block a vessel (occlusion)
embolus
thrombus that breaks loose and travels through the circulation system
aneurysm
bulge in the vessel wall, that could rupture
Endarterectomy
the removal of the innermost layer of the artery (especially in the carotid (neck) and femoral (leg) arteries; used to remove the fatty plaque build-up.
Coronary artery disease
any disease that keeps the coronary arteries from delivering enough blood to the heart muscle
Ischemia
the result of not enough oxygen getting to the heart muscle. The patient will have angina/angina pectoris (chest pain) and dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty), called balloon surgery, called angioplasty
After the plaque is pushed against the side of the arterial wall, a stent (made usually of stainless steel) is sometimes placed in the artery to keep the plaque compressed.
atherectomy
similar concept as PTCA; rather than pushing the plaque to the side, a catheter removes the plaque
Coronary bypass surgery
a vein is removed from the leg and used to bypass the clogged artery.
CABG means coronary artery bypass graft
the vein removed from the leg
MI (myocardial infarction)
part of the heart dies (necrosis). The patient will have diaphoresis (excessive sweating), pallor (paleness), and dyspnea.
Sinus rhythm
normal rhythm
arrhythmia
without normal rhythm
tachycardia
too fast
bradycardia
too slow
cardiac arrest
heart stops - CPR will be used
cardiomyopathy
disease of heart muscle
congestive) heart failure
heart is unable to keep up with the work load
fibrillation
heart is actually fluttering - beating way too fast - defibrillators will be used to "shock" the heart back to normal rhythm
cardiac catheterization
diagnostic procedure to find clogged arteries. Catheter is put into the artery (through the leg)
echocardiography/Echo
doppler
Both use sound waves. Echo looks for problems with structure (i.e. valve); doppler looks at blood flow
TEE - transesophageal echocardiography
more invasive than Echo - a tube is put down the throat versus instrument rubbed on outside - shows better picture
Holter monitor test
portable ECG/EKG
stress test - exercise (i.e. treadmill)
to test how much stress the heart can stand during exercise. Thallium stress test provides a picture also.
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
BP
blood pressure
CAD
coronary artery disease
CCU
coronary care unit
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
EKG/ECG
electrocardiogram
MI
myocardial infarction
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
TMR
transmyocardial revascularization -- blasting holes into the heart muscle with a laser (to get blood into the heart muscle
EECP
enhanced external counterpulsation - cuffs on the legs - blood is forced into the vessels in between beats of the heart, to increase blood flow/circulation
Which medical term means an inflammation of a vein?
phlebitis
Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart from which blood vessel?
superior and inferior vena cava
The term for a blood clot formed within a blood vessel is:
thrombus
What condition of the heart causes a decrease in the outflow of blood from the left side of the heart?
CHF
What is the general medical term for hardening of the arteries?
arteriosclerosis
Which medication is used to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood stream?
antilipidemic
Another name for the mitral valve is
bicuspid
The coronary arteries supply blood to:
myocardium
The pacemaker of the heart is
SA (sinoatrial) node
Which vessel(s) bring the blood to the left atrium?
pulmonary veins