Ch. 5 Skin Anatomy

Front 1

Name the 3 major regions of the SKIN

Back 1

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Front 2

Outermost superficial region of the skin

Back 2

Epidermis

Front 3

Middle region of the skin

Back 3

Dermis

Front 4

The deepest region of the skin

Back 4

Hypodermis (superficial fascia)

Front 5

Composed of keritinized stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of four distinct cell types and four or five layers

Back 5

Epidermis

Front 6

Cell types include keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel, and langerhans'.

Back 6

Epidermis

Front 7

Outer portion of the skin is exposed to the external environment and functions in protection.

Back 7

Epidermis

Front 8

Name the cells of the Epidermis

Back 8

* Keratinocytes
* Melanocytes
* Langerhans' Cells
* Merkel cells

Front 9

Cells of the epidermis that produce the fibrous protein keratin

Back 9

Keratinocytes

Front 10

Cells of the epidermis that produce the brown pigment melanin

Back 10

Melanocytes

Front 11

Cells of the epidermis that have epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Back 11

Langerhans' cells

Front 12

Cells of the epidermis that function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

Back 12

Merkel cells

Front 13

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS: ______ ______
* Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis
* Consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes
* Cells undergo rapid division

Back 13

Stratum Basale (Basal Layers)

Front 14

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS: _____ _____
* Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes

Back 14

Stratum Spinosum (Prickly layer)

Front 15

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS: _____ ______
* Melanin granules and Langerhans' cells are abundant in this layer.

Back 15

Statum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)

Front 16

Cells that move into the ____ layer (also called the prickle cell layer) change from bing columnar to poygonal. In this layer the cells start to synthesize keratin.

Back 16

Spinosum

Front 17

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS: _____ _____
* Thin; three to five cell layers in which drastic changes in keratincyte apperance occurs
* Keratohyline and lamellated granules accumulate in the cells of this layer.

Back 17

Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)

Front 18

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS: ____ ____
* Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum
* Consists of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
* Present only in thick skin

Back 18

Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer)

Front 19

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS: ____ ____
* Outermost layer of keratinized cells
* Accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness
* Funtions include:
* Waterproofing
* Protection from abrasion and pentration
* Rendering the body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assaults.

Back 19

Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)

Front 20

* Second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue
* Cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
* Composed of two layers--papillary and reticular.

Back 20

Dermis

Front 21

LAYERS OF THE DERMIS: ____ _____
* Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers
* Its supierior surface contains peglike projections called dermal papillae
* Dermal papillae contain cappillary loops, Meissner's corpuscles, and free nerve endings

Back 21

Papillary Layer

Front 22

LAYERS OF THE DERMIS: ____ ____
* Accounts for approximately 80% of the thickness of the skin
* Collagen fibers in this layer add strength and resiliency to the skin
* Elastin fibers provide stretch-recoil properties.

Back 22

Reticular Layer

Front 23

* Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin
* Composed of adipose and areolar connective tissue

Back 23

Hypodermis

Front 24

Name the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color.

Back 24

Melanin
Carotene
Hemoglobin

Front 25

____- yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment, responsible for dark skin colors

Back 25

Melanin

Front 26

Freckles and pigmented moles- result from local accumulations of ____

Back 26

Melanin

Front 27

_____- yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet.

Back 27

Carotene

Front 28

_______- reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin.

Back 28

Hemoglobin

Front 29

Name the different types of sweat glands

Back 29

Eccrine
Apocrine
Ceruminous glands
Mammary glands

Front 30

Different types prevent overheating of the body; secrete cerumen and milk

Back 30

Sweat Glands

Front 31

found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead

Back 31

Eccrine sweat glands

Front 32

found in axillary and anogenital areas

Back 32

Apocrine sweat glands
(Apes are hairy and smell)

Front 33

modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

Back 33

Ceruminous glands

Front 34

specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

Back 34

Mammary Glands

Front 35

* Simple alveolar glands found all over the body
* Soften skin when stimulated by hormones
* Secrete an oily secretion called sebum

Back 35

Sebaceous Glands

Front 36

* Filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles
* Contains hard keratin which is tougher and more durable than soft keratin of the skin
* Made up of the shaft projecting from the skin, and the root embedded in the skin
* Consists of a core called the medulla, a cortex, and an aoutermost cuticle

Back 36

Hair

Front 37

Functions of the _____ include:
* Helping to maintain warmth
* Alerting the body to presence of insects on the ___
* Guarding the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight.

Back 37

Hair

Front 38

Hair is distributed over the entire skin surface except:

Back 38

Palms, soles, and lips
Nipples and portions of the external genitalia

Front 39

* Root sheath extending from the epidermal surface into the dermis

Back 39

Hair Follicle

Front 40

Deep end is expanded forming a hair bulb

Back 40

Hair Bulb

Front 41

A knot of sensory nerve endings (a root hair plexus) wraps around each hair bulb

Back 41

Hair Follicle

Front 42

Bending a hair stimulates these endings, hence our hairs act as sensitive touch receptors

Back 42

Hair Follicle

Front 43

TYPES OF HAIR
Pale, fine body hair found in children and the adult female

Back 43

Vellus

Front 44

TYPES OF HAIR
- coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions.

Back 44

Terminal

Front 45

HAIR THINNING AND BALDNESS
____- hair thinning in both sexes

Back 45

Alopecia

Front 46

HAIR THINNING AND BALDNESS
* Genetically determined and sex-influenced condition

Back 46

True, or frank, baldness

Front 47

____ ____ ____- caused by follicular resonse to DHT- Dihydrotestosterone

Back 47

Male pattern baldness