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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Which of the following BEST describes how understanding the physical science of fire can help firefighters? |
A. It keeps radiant heat from igniting fuel. |
C. It translates into practical knowledge of fire behavior. |
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Which of the following terms refers to a substance remaining chemically the same, but changing in size, shape or appearance? |
A. Chemical shift |
B. Physical change |
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When a substance changes from one type of matter to another, it has had a: |
A. chemical shift. |
C. chemical reaction. |
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Which of the following represents the amount of energy that an object can release in the future? |
A. Kinetic |
C. Potential |
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The energy possessed by a moving object is called: |
A. kinetic energy. |
A. kinetic energy. |
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The potential chemical energy of fuel in fire behavior is converted to: |
A. sound energy. |
B. thermal energy. |
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What type of reaction absorbs energy as it occurs? |
A. Kinetic |
D. Endothermic |
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What type of reaction releases energy in the form of heat and sometimes light? |
A. Kinetic |
C. Exothermic |
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The process of ignition causes pyrolysis in solid fuels and ___ in liquid fuels. |
A. melting |
C. vaporization |
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What is the most common form of ignition? |
A. Piloted
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A. Piloted |
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What mode of combustion produces a smoldering glow in a material’s surface? |
A. Kinetic |
D. Nonflaming |
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In what mode of combustion is a visible flame produced? |
A. Kinetic |
B. Flaming |
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What are the elements necessary to create fire in the model represented by the fire triangle? |
A. Fuel, oxygen, heat |
A. Fuel, oxygen, heat |
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Which of the following BEST describes what the fire tetrahedron represents? |
A. A transfer of sound energy |
C. An uninhibited chemical chain reaction |
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What type of combustion occurs when burning is localized on or near a fuel’s surface? |
A. Flaming |
C. Nonflaming |
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What product of combustion may heat adjacent fuels, making them susceptible to ignition? |
A. Toxic smoke |
B. Thermal energy |
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What product of combustion causes the most fire deaths? |
A. Toxic smoke |
A. Toxic smoke |
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What product of combustion is the most common product in structure fires? |
A. Toxic smoke |
C. Carbon dioxide |
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Which of the following BEST describes why firefighters must use SCBA during overhaul? |
A. Smoke is not like other flammable gases; it will not burn or explode.
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D. Volume and density of smoke may be reduced, but the hazard is not eliminated. |
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Which of the following BEST describes kinetic energy transfer? |
A. It does not move at all. |
D. It moves from high-temperature to low-temperature substances. |
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What source of thermal energy is the most common source of heat in combustion reactions? |
A. Radiant energy |
C. Chemical energy |
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Which of the following sources of energy is a form of oxidation? |
A. Sparking |
B. Self-heating |
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What method of electrical energy occurs when a high-temperature luminous discharge crosses a gap? |
A. Arcing |
A. Arcing |
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What method of heat transfer occurs when a material is heated as the result of direct contact with a heat source? |
A. Potential |
C. Conduction |
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What heat transfer method usually occurs through movement of hot smoke and fire gases? |
A. Potential
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D. Convection |
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What method of heat transfer can become the dominant mode as the fire grows in size? |
A. Potential |
B. Radiation |
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Which of the following BEST describes the influence of exposed surfaces on radiant heat? |
A. Creating a vacuum will stop radiant heat.
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C. Dark materials emit and absorb heat more effectively than light materials. |
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Which type of fuel does not contain carbon? |
A. Simple |
D. Inorganic |
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Which of the following terms is the total amount of energy released when a specific amount of fuel is burned? |
A. Thermal energy |
D. Heat of combustion |
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Heat release rate is usually expressed in which of the following measurements? |
A. Kilowatts (kW) |
A. Kilowatts (kW) |
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What type of fuel can be the most dangerous of all the types? |
A. Solid |
A. Solid |
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What type of fuel has mass and volume but no definite shape? |
A. Solid |
B. Liquid |
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Liquids with a specific gravity of less than 1 will |
A. turn into vapor. |
C. float on the surface. |
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Which of the following BEST describes what vapor pressure indicates? |
A. How easily a substance will evaporate |
A. How easily a substance will evaporate |
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Which of the following terms is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but still not sustain combustion? ( |
A. Fire point |
B. Flash point |
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What term is used to describe the extent to which a substance will mix with water? |
A. Solubility |
A. Solubility |
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What type of fuel has a definite size and shape? |
A. Solid |
A. Solid |
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Which of the following terms is used to refer to the process that can generate sufficient quantities of burnable vapors to ignite in the presence of a sufficient oxidizer? |
A. Pyrolysis |
A. Pyrolysis |
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Fuel particles become smaller as the ratio of surface-to-mass: |
A. increases.
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A. increases. |
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The primary oxidizing agent in most fires is: |
A. carbon. |
B. oxygen. |
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Which of the following BEST describes the impact of higher oxygen concentration on combustion? |
A. Materials burn more intensely.
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A. Materials burn more intensely. |
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What term defines the minimum concentration of fuel vapor and air that supports combustion? |
A. Vaporization |
C. Lower flammable limit |
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Which of the following BEST describes the complete oxidation of methane? |
A. It produces water. |
D. It produces carbon dioxide and water. |
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Which of the following BEST describes the impact of an extinguishing agent when trying to extinguish flaming combustion? |
A. It forms an unstable product. |
C. It interferes with the chemical reaction. |
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Which of the following fire development factors affects heat release rate? |
A. Fuel type
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A. Fuel type |
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What fire development factor is based on considering how the volume of air will impact radiated heat in a fire? |
A. Fuel type |
C. Compartment volume and ceiling height |
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What form of compartment fire is controlled by the availability of oxygen and the configuration of fuel? |
A. Uncontrolled |
B. Fuel-controlled |
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What thermal property of a compartment contains heat within the compartment, causing localized increase in temperature? |
A. Insulation |
A. Insulation |
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What fire development factor includes cold temperature, strong winds, and wind direction? |
A. Fuel type |
B. Ambient conditions |
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In what stage is fire development largely dependent on the characteristics and configuration of the fuel involved? |
A. Incipient |
A. Incipient |
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Which of the following affects the amount of air entrained in the plume during the growth stage? |
A. Type of fuel
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D. Location of fuel package |
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Which of the following is defined as the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature? |
A. Type of fuel |
B. Thermal layering |
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The neutral plane in the growth stage is the |
A. beginning of rapid transition layers. |
D. interface of hot and cool layers at an opening. |
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Isolated flames in the gas layer during the growth stage indicates: |
A. hot and cool gases are mixing together. |
D. that portions of the layer are within flammable range. |
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What stage of fire development occurs when all the combustible materials in a compartment are burning? |
A. Incipient |
C. Fully Developed |
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What fire stage occurs as the fuel is consumed and oxygen concentration falls? |
A. Incipient
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D. Decay |
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What type of rapid fire development happens when all the combustible materials and gases in a compartment ignite almost simultaneously? |
A. Backdraft |
B. Flashover |
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What common element of flashover represents the shift from growth stage to fully developed stage? |
A. Rapidity |
C. Transition in fire development |
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Which of the following is a heat indicator of a possible flashover? |
A. Darkening smoke |
B. Darkened windows |
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The ignition of unburned fire gases at the top of the compartment is known as: |
A. Rollover
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A. Rollover |
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Which of the following is a building indicator for a possible backdraft? (249) |
A. Optically dense smoke |
D. Fire confined to a void space |
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Which of the following is a heat indicator for a possible backdraft? |
A. Smoke stained windows |
A. Smoke stained windows |
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What type of rapid fire development occurs as unburned fuel gases contact an ignition source |
A. Rollover |
D. Smoke explosion |
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What is the most common method used in fire fighting operations |
A. Fuel removal |
C. Temperature reduction |
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Water is converted to steam at: |
A. 190*F (88 oC). |
B. 212*F (100oC). |
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What method of fire suppression is the simplest? |
A. Fuel removal |
A. Fuel removal |
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What fire-suppression method does not work if fuel is self-oxidixing? |
A. Fuel removal |
B. Oxygen exclusion |
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What fire behavior can be the result of wind from outside the structure? |
A. Oxygen exclusion |
B. Unplanned ventilation |
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What suppression method uses extinguishing agents to stop flame production? |
A. Ventilation |
D. Chemical flame inhibition |
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What aspect of fire development is a result of an increase in low-level ventilation prior to upper level ventilation? |
A. Rollover |
B. Backdraft |
