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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. shape of DNA
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double helix
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scientist(s) that modeled double helix DNA
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james Watson and franscis Crick
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sugar in RNA
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ribose
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building block of nucleic acids
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nucleotides
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sugar in DNA
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deoxyribose
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bond between complimentary bases
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hydrogen
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shape of RNA
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single stranded
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single ringed bases are called
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_pyrimidines
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double ringed bases are called
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purines
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dna stands for
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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Does the number of chromosomes in an organisms cells indicate its
complexity? |
no
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DNA in prokaryotic cells are organized into
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nucleoid region
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Non-coding regions of DNA between genes are referred to as ...
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junk
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Number of chromosomes in a human cell
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46
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Percent of human DNA considered “junk”
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98%
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Approximate number of base pairs in one human cell
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6 billion
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Which phase of protein synthesis is similar to reading a code?
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translation
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The vocabulary term for any alteration of the base sequences of DNA
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mutation
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Monomer of a protein
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amino acid
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Bond between amino acids
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peptide
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The number of strands in DNA: ____;
in rna |
2
1 |
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Which phase of protein synthesis is similar to re-writing a code? copying
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transcription
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What does RNA stand for?
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ribonucleic acid
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Type of mutation that occurs by accident when DNA is
duplicating |
spontaneous mutation
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Type of mutation(disease) that arises from radiation such as UV light
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skin cancer
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tRNA stands for
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transfer RNA____11.
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Type of mutation(disease) that arises from chemicals such as cigarette smoke
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lung cancer
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mRNA stands for
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messenger RNA
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dna phrase
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a-t gc
at gc |
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The first phase of protein synthesis is called
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transcription
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where does transcrition occur
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in the nucleus
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The second phase of protein synthesis is called
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translation
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where does translation occur
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in the cytoplasm, on a ribosome
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Which of the two phases copies DNA into RNA?
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transcription
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Which of the two phases reads the genetic code into a polypeptide chain?
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translation
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How many amino acids exist in nature?
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20
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Before mRNA leaves the nucleus, it must be cut out and a ____ must be added to the beginning and a _____ must be added to the end
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cap , tail
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why is a cap and tail added before the mRNA leaves the nucleus
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in order to protect the mRNA from being destroyed in the cytoplasm
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mRNA leaves the nucleus through the ______
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nuclear pores
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More than two amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
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polypeptide
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What is the name of the first codon that begins translation?
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MET.
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what is MET. sequence of bases
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AUG
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What is the first anticodon?
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UAC
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