Ch 5: Coal And Petroleum

Front 1

what is a natural resource?

Back 1

resources that are obtained from nature are called natural resources

Front 2

what are the two types of natural resources?

Back 2

i) inexhaustible natural resources

ii) exhaustible natural resources

Front 3

define inexhaustible natural resources

Back 3

these resources are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities. for example: sunlight and air.

Front 4

define exhaustible natural resources

Back 4

the amount of these resources in nature is limited. they can be exhausted by human activities. for example: forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, coal, etc.

Front 5

what are fossil fuels?

Back 5

the fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals are called fossil fuels. they are exhaustible natural resources.

Front 6

state uses of coal.

Back 6

1. coal is one of the fuels that was used.to cook food

2. it was used in railway engines to produce steam to run the engine

3. it is also used in thermal power plants to produce electricity

4. it is also used as a fuel in many industries

Front 7

what is carbonisation?

Back 7

the slow process of conversation of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.

Front 8

why is coal also considered a fossil fuel?

Back 8

since coal was formed from the remains of dead vegetation, it is also called s fossil fuel.

Front 9

describe the formation of coal.

Back 9

under high pressure and high temperature, dead plants get slowly converted into coal by the slow process of carbonisation.

Front 10

when heated in air, coal burns to produce ______________

Back 10

carbon dioxide gas

Front 11

coal is processed in industries to get products such as ______, ___________ and ___________

Back 11

coke, coal tar and coal gas

Front 12

describe coke

Back 12

it is a tough, porous and black substance. it is an almost pure form of carbon.

Front 13

uses of coke are?

Back 13

coke is used in the manufacturing of steel and in extraction of many metals

Front 14

write a note on coal tar

Back 14

it is a black, thick liquid with an unpleasant smell. it is a mixture of almost 200 substances.

Front 15

what are uses of products obtained by coal tar?

Back 15

products obtained by coal tar are used as starting materials for manufacturing various substances like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, paints, etc. napthalene balls which are used to repel moths and other insects are also made from coal tar.

Front 16

what is bitumen?

Back 16

bitumen is a petroleum product used in place of coal tar for metalling of roads

Front 17

how is coal gas obtained?

Back 17

coal gas is obtained during the processing of coal to get coke

Front 18

write about the history of coal gas

Back 18

coal gas was initially used for street lighting in london in 1810 and in new york in the 1820's. nowadays, however, it is used as a source of heat rather than light

Front 19

petrol and diesel are obtained from a natural resource called ____________

Back 19

petroleum

Front 20

write about the formation of petroleum (and natural gas)

Back 20

petroleum is formed from the remains of dead marine animals. as these animals died, over millions of years they got buried under layers of clay and sand. due to the absense of air, high temperature and high pressure, they transformed into petroleum and natural gas.

Front 21

where and when was the world's first oil well drilled?

Back 21

in Pennsylvania, US, in 1859

Front 22

when and where in india was oil struck? where is oil found in india?

Back 22

in 1867, oil was struck at makum in assam. in india, oil is found in assam, gujrat, mumbai and the river basins of godavari and krishna.

Front 23

petroleum is a __________________

Back 23

dark oily sexy liquid

Front 24

what is refining?

Back 24

the process of refining the various constituents/ fractions of petroleum is known as refining

Front 25

where does refining take place?

Back 25

refining is carried out in a petroleum refinery.

Front 26

name constituents of petroleum

Back 26

LPG or liquified petroleum gas

petrol

diesel

kerosene

lubricating oil

paraffin wax

bitumen

Front 27

what are petrochemicals?

Back 27

many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. these are termed as petrochemicals.these are used in the manufacturing of detergents, fibres, polythene and other manmade materials. hydrogen gas, obtained from natural gas, is used in fertilizers.

Front 28

why is petroleum also called black gold,?

Back 28

due to its commercial importance

Front 29

fossil fuels are ______, ______&________

Back 29

coal, petroleum and natural gas

Front 30

least polluting fuel for vehicles is _____

Back 30

CNG