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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are civil rights?
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basic rights afforded to those groups who have been discriminated by the gov.
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What does equal protection cover?
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Race, Gender, Age, Disabilities
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What is the largest minority in the US?
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Hispanics
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What percentage of the population do hispanics make up?
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13%
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What is the second largest minority?
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Af. Am.
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What percentage of the population do a.a.s make up?
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12%
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Is the word Equality in the constitution?
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no
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Under what amendment is the word equality implied?
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14th
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What did the 14th amendment do?
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Greatly expand power and size of the national government
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What are the civil war amendments?
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13,14,15
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What periods comprise the Civil Rights Movement?
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Slavery through 1865, Reconstruction and segregation period (Jim Crow) through 1953, modern Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to the present
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What did Dred Scott v. Sandford do?
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1857 Slaves were chattel and had no rights. Congress could not bar slavery in the western territories.
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What court ruling invalidated the Missouri compromise?
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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Which amendment ended slavery in 1865?
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13th
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When was the era of separate but equal? Which court case established this principle?
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1896-1954, Plessy v. Ferguson
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What did Brown v. Board of Education do?
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1954 Segregation violated the 14th amendment's "equal protection" clause
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When did desegregation begin?
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1954
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What event signifies the beginning of desegregation?
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Little Rock, Arkansas Central High School incident
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What does ex post facto mean?
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After the fact
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What does de facto mean?
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in reality
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What does de jure mean?
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by law
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What did Rosa Parks do?
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Started the civil rights movement by refusing to give her seat up on a bus.
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What strategy did civil rights activists use in the modern Civil Rights movement?
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Non-violent civil disobedience strategies like sit-ins, marches, boycotts. etc.
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During what era was Warren's court active?
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1960s
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What is the Warren court known for?
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civil rights legislation, judicial activism
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Who was originally supposed to deal with moral issues?
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The states.
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What things did the civil rights act of 1964 contain?
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Promoting voting rights, promoting access to public facilities, and open housing- prohibited federal funds to go to schools to discriminate, discrimination was made illegal in hotels and employment, the EEOC was created.
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What is the EEOC?
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Equal Employment Opportunity Commission- monitored and enforced protections against job discrimination.
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What did the EEOC initiate?
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lawsuits to desegregate public schools and facilities and sue employers for discrimination
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What act was used to ban gender discrimination in employment?
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The 1964 Civil Rights Act
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What did the voting rights act of 1964 do?
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grandfather clause, 24th amendment (eliminating poll tax)
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What are two techniques used to discriminate?
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white primaries and the grandfather clause
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Which group of people were known for discrimination?
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Southern Democrats
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What did the Guinn v. US in 1915 do?
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Outlawed the Grandfather Clause
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What did the case, Smith v. Allwright in 1944 do??
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It outlawed white primaries
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When were poll taxes abolished?
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1964 24th amendment
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What did Harper v. Virginia State Board of Education do?
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1966 voided poll taxes in state elections
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What did Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg (1971) do?
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required schools to bus to achieve desegregation
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What did affirmative action do?
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increase opp. for minorities and move towards equal results
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What is reverse discrimination?
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impacts individuals who are blameless and are unfaily penalized in favor of less qualified individuals through hiring or admittance to ed. or training programs
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What happened in Regents of U. of Cali. v. Bakke?
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(1978) made quotas unconstitutional
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What happened in adarand constructors v. pena?
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federal programs that classify people by race are unconstitutional. limited aff. action
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Who is the first feminist?
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Abigail Adams
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What does coverture mean?
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laws that denied married women a separate identity
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what is the 19th amendment?
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women get the right to vote
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