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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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androgen binding protein (ABP)
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has a high affinity for testosterone and holds that hormone within the tubules of the testis, where it promotes spermatogenesis along with FSH
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androgens |
Androgens are a group of hormones that play a role in male traits and reproductive activity. Present in both males and females, the principle androgens are testosterone and androstenedione. |
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cervix
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external opening of the uterus; made of largely of the largest sphincter muscle in the body
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corpus luteum
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the remains of the burst follicle called a "yellow body"; tissue that secretes hormones during the final, luteal, phase of the cycle
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Cowper's gland
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small gland which empties into the urethra just after the prostate gland; produces alkaline fluid to neutralize uric acid
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endometrium
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the lining of the uterus; provides a suitable environment for the growth of the early embryo and later forms the maternal portion of the placenta
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epididymus/epididymis |
storage structure for sperm where they finish maturation |
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estrogen
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produced by the ovaries; stimulates female secondary sex characteristics and preparation of uterine lining for implantation of the embryo
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follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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A tropic hormone that is producedand secreted by the anterior pituitary and thatstimulates the production of eggs by the ovariesand sperm by the testes. in male FSH stimulates Sertoli cells |
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follicles
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structure in an ovary which consists of an immature egg surrounded by nutritive follicle cells
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gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
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released by the hypothalamus at the beginning of the menstrual cycle; it induces the pituitary gland to secrete small quantities of FSH and LH
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human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) |
acts like pituitary LH in maintaining secretion of progesterone and estrogens by the corpus luteum through the first few months of pregnancy. |
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leutenizing hormone (LH)
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released by the pituitary gland in both sexes; stimulates secretion of sex hormones by gonads in both sexes; stimulates ovulation on females
in male LHcauses Leydig cells, scattered in connective tissue betweenthe tubules, to produce testosterone and other androgens,which promote spermatogenesis in the tubules. |
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menstrual cycle
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hormonal changes and their effects on the female body; they start at puberty and end 30 - 40 years later at menopause
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menstrual period
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the shedding of the uterine lining when fertilization does not occur
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oocytes
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immature eggs
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ovaries
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the female gonads; responsible for the production of eggs
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oviduct
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החצוצרה tube which captures the egg and leads to the uterus; fertilization usually occurs about halfway down this duct |
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ovulation
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occurs when the wall of a mature follicle ruptures and the egg pop out into the coelom
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oxytocin
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a hormone which causes the muscles of the uterus to contract and cause birth
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progesterone
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a steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum along with estrogen; increasing levels of this and estrogen produce a negative feed back effect on the pituitary, inhibiting secretion of LH and FSH
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prolactin
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hormone produced by the pituitary; stimulates milk production
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prostate gland
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large gland through which the urethra and vas deferens both pass and where they unite; also produces alkaline fluid to neutralize uric acid in urethra
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scrotum
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כיס האשכים a sac outside the body cavity in mammals which contains the testes |
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seminal vesicles |
שלפוחית הזרע glands through which the vas deferens passes just prior to entering the prostate gland; contribute about60% of the volume of semen. |
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seminiferous tubules
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tubules in the testes lined with cells which produce the sperm cells
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spermatophore
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a packet of sperm in spiders and squid
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testosterone
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the most important male sex hormone; produced primarily by the testes; some produced by adrenal glands along with other androgens
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uterus
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רחם a strong elastic organ whose main function is to hold a developing embryo and expel it during childbirth |
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vas deferens
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tube through which the sperm move during sexual stimulation; leads from the epididymus to the seminal vesicles
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vasectomy
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male sterilization; severing and tying off the vasa deferens
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sperm development |
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Sertoli cells |
located within the seminiferous tubules, to nourish developing sperm |
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Acrosome |
A vesicle in the tip ofa sperm containing hydrolytic enzymes andother proteins that help the sperm reach theegg. |
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Leydig cells |
scattered in connective tissue betweenthe tubules, to produce testosterone and other androgens,which promote spermatogenesis in the tubules. |
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inhibin |
a hormone that in males is produced by Sertoli cells, acts on the anterior pituitary gland to reduce FSH secretion. |
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man hormons |
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Prostaglandins |
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Hermaphrodite |
אַנְדְרוֹגִינוּס, דו מיני |
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parthenogenesis |
A form of asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. |
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spermathecae |
In many insects, a sac in thefemale reproductive system where sperm arestored for extended periods, a year or more in somespecies. |
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bulbourethral glands |
בולטת הבולבוס/בלוטת קאופר are a pair of small glands along the urethra below the prostate. Before ejaculation, they secreteclear mucus that neutralizes any acidic urine remainingin the urethra. |
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Oogenesis |
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estrous cycles |
ייחום In all female mammals, the endometrium thickens beforeovulation, but only humans and some other primates havemenstrual cycles. Other mammals have estrous cycles,in which in the absence of a pregnancy, the uterus reabsorbsthe endometrium and no extensive fluid flow occurs. |
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Menopause |
הפסקת הוסת thecessation of ovulation and menstruation. Menopause usuallyoccurs between the ages of 46 and 54. |
