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179 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The use of the lights and siren on an ambulance:
Usually only a request for the right of way.
What entity is responsible for making recommendations regarding infection control practices that include all areas of personal protective equipment, sharps containers, and disinfecting equipment that is carried on an ambulance?
OSHA
Unless the fluid level is low, you should NOT uncap the brake fluid reservoir because:
Absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. (Loses Pressure)
High-performance EMS systems typically use a fractile response time standard, in which:
All responses must be achieved in an established time. 8 min or less in urban areas.
When determining productivity of an EMS system, the EMS provider:
Measures how many patient transports per hour each ambulance accomplishes.
In a tiered-response EMS system:
Staff ambulances with EMT-B’s, That attempts to assign ALS ambulances only where they are needed.
With respect to emergency driving, due regard means that:
You may use lights and sirens as a means to alert other drivers that you are in emergency mode, but it does not exempt you from operating your vehicle with due regard for the safety of others.
Which of the following statements regarding the use of emergency escorts is MOST correct?
Not a good idea. Many drivers will see only the first set of lights and sirens and assume that the way is clear once that vehicle has passed.
The decision to use lights and siren when transporting a patient to the hospital is MOST dependent upon:
Judgment on part of the paramedic.
When parking the ambulance off the side of the highway in dry weather:
The heat from underneath the vehicle could start a grass fire.
When transporting a small child on the stretcher, you should:
Make sure the patient is properly restrained.
The MOST important factor to consider when determining if transport of a trauma patient via helicopter is appropriate is:
Does the patients condition warrant the risk of using air medical transport.
In contrast to rotary-wing air ambulances, fixed-wing air ambulances:
Are used for long transports.
In which of the following situations should a helicopter generally NOT be utilized?
Metropolitan areas
Which of the following disadvantages of using an air ambulance should concern you the LEAST when utilizing it for a critically injured patient?
Cost
After a helicopter lands and continues to keep its rotor blades active, you should:
Approach a helicopter from the front and keep the pilot in view at all times. Wait for the pilot to wave you in.

Over which of the following does a disaster management team have little or no control?
MCI’s
A mass casualty incident (MCI) is MOST accurately defined as an event in which:
Is an event in which the number of patients exceeds the resources available to the initial responders.
Which of the following events would MOST likely cause an open, or uncontained, mass casualty incident?
School shootings, tornadoes, hazardous materials, rising flood waters
Using the incident command system (ICS) provides a modular organizational structure that:
Is built on the size and complexity of the incident.
An individual’s span of control:
Keeping the supervisor/worker ratio at one supervisor for three to seven workers.
Which of the following duties is NOT a responsibility of the incident commander?
Assess the incident, establish the strategic objectives and priorities, and develop a plan to manage the incident.
During a small-scale incident, the incident commander:
Will do it all.
Which of the following statements regarding the unified command system is MOST correct?
Plans are drawn up in advance by all the cooperating agencies that assume a shared responsibility for decision making and cooperation.
A single command system:
Is one in which one person is in charge, even if multiple agencies respond.
Prior to implementing any plans or operations at the scene of a mass casualty incident, you should FIRST:
Make sure supervisor or the IC knows of any plans or operations before they are initiated.
The transfer of incident command should occur:
Must take place in an orderly manner and face to face if possible.
If responders at a major incident require additional medical equipment and supplies, they should notify the:
Logistics
Occlusive dressings and large-bore IV catheters for thoracic decompression are supplies used to address
Breathing issues at a mass casualty incident.
If an incident is such that it warrants evacuation of people, the incident commander would MOST likely
request that the PIO/JIC disseminate that information as well as evacuation directions.
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is designed to:
Work with all jurisdictions.
The NIMS standard incident command structures are based on:
Provides a consistent nationwide template to enable federal, state, and local government, as well as private sector and nongovernmental organizations, to work together effectively and efficiently.
Two MOST important underlying principles of NIMS are:
Flexibility and standardization.
When sizing up the scene of a mass casualty incident, the LEAST of your initial concerns should be:
What do I have? What do I need to do? What resources do I need?
After ensuring your own safety, you should consider the safety of, in order:
Your safety, Your Partner, Other rescuer’s, Patient and bystanders.
Initial command of an incident should be assumed by the:
The first unit on scene.
The primary duty of the triage officer is to:
Count and prioritize patients.
As soon as the treatment officer receives patients from the triage section, he or she should:
Ensure secondary triage of patients is preformed and that adequate patient care is given as resources allow.
Communicating with area hospitals to determine their capabilities and resources is a responsibility of the:
Transportation Officer.
If an emergency physician is present at the scene of a mass casualty incident, he or she would be the LEAST likely to:
On-scene medical direction for paramedics, and they can provide care in the treatment sector as appropriate.
Which of the following statements regarding the rehabilitation section is MOST correct?
Should be located away from exhaust fumes and crowds (especially members of the media) and out of view of the scene itself.
If a disaster situation requires a morgue officer, it is MOST important for the person who is assigned the function of morgue officer to:
Should ensure that the morgue is out of view of the living patients and other responders.
The goal of doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people mandates that:
Triage assessment is brief and the patient condition categories are basic.
In contrast to primary triage, secondary triage:
Is done as patients are brought to the treatment area.
Which of the following statements regarding triage during a mass casualty incident is MOST correct?
Rapid and accurate triage will help bring order to the chaos of the MCI scene.
Triage tags that have tear-off receipts are MOST useful to the:
Transportation officer and it will assist him or her in tracking a patient.
The FIRST step in the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) triage system involves:
Calling the walking wounded out and directing them to a site.
According to the START triage system, a nonbreathing patient should be triaged as immediate if:
You open the airway by using airway by using a simple manual maneuver.
According to the JumpSTART triage system for pediatric patients, infants or children not developed enough to walk or follow commands should be:
Should be taken as soon as possible to the treatment sector for immediate secondary triage
Patients who are hysterical and disruptive to rescue efforts:
May need to be made an immediate priority and tansported out of the disaster site, even if they are not seriously injured.

In order to draw attention to their cause, Technology Terrorists
All of the following are examples of domestic terrorism, EXCEPT the:
Centennial Park Bombing, 1996 Summer Olympics, Oklahoma City Bombing.
To date, the preferred weapons of mass destruction for terrorists have been:
Explosive Devices
The terrorism carried out by groups that have close ties with a national government is referred to as:
State-sponsored terrorism
Which of the following statements regarding chemical agents is MOST correct?
Are manmade substances that can have devastating effects on living organisms.
A suicide bomber typically uses a/an
Explosives to achieve his or her objective.
When the Homeland Security Advisory System alerts responders to the potential for a terrorist attack:
The specifics of the current threat will not be given.
If the Homeland Advisory Security System current threat level is yellow, you should recall that:
Significant risk of terrorist attacks.
Upon arriving at a scene involving a weapon of mass destruction, you should:
Ensure that the scene is safe and stage upwind and uphill from the incident.
Upon arriving at a scene in which the incident command system has already been established, you should:
Immediately seek out the medical staging officer to receive your assignment.
When triaging patients at the scene of an explosion, you should be especially aware of the fact that:
There could be a secondary Device.
In contrast to volatile chemical agents, nonvolatile chemical agents:
Evaporate relatively fast when left on a surface in the optimal temperature range.
Vesicant agents inflict injury by causing:
Burn-like blisters to form on the Pt’s skin as well as in the respiratory tract.
Gray discoloration of the skin is a sign of permanent damage seen following exposure to:
(L) Lewisite, and phosgene oxime (CX).
In contrast to mustard, Lewisite and phosgene oxime exposure:
Rapid Onset
Which of the following statements regarding vesicant agent treatment is MOST correct?
There are no antidotes for mustard or CX exposure.
Initial exposure to
Chlorine (CL) produces upper airway irritation and a choking sensation.
Which of the following statements regarding phosgene is MOST correct?
The odor produced by the chemical is similar to that of freshly mown grass or hay.
When sarin is on clothing, it has the effect of off-gassing, which means that:
The vapors are continuously released over a period of time (like perfume)
In contrast to sarin, soman:
Is twice as persistent as sarin, and 5 X more lethal.
Which of the following statements regarding tabun is MOST correct?
Half as lethal as sarin and 36 X more persistent, under the proper conditions it will remain for several days.
Unlike G-series agents, VX is:
Over 100X more lethal than sarin and extremely persistent. 

The seizures associated with nerve agent exposure:
The Patient will continue to seize until death or until treatment is given with a nerve agent antidote. (MARK1 or MARK2)
Nerve agent antidote kits (NAAK) contain:
Atropine and 2-PAM Chloride.
Signs and symptoms of significant cyanide exposure include:
SOB, Tachypnea, Flushed skin color, Tachycardia, ALOC, Seizures, Coma, Apnea, Cardiac Arrest.
Which of the following chemical agents has the smell of freshly cut grass?
Phosgene (CG)
Understanding a biological agent’s incubation period is especially important for the paramedic to understand because:
Although your patient may not exhibit signs or symtoms, he or she may be contagious.
Which of the following statements regarding smallpox is NOT correct?
Highly Contagious
If an outbreak of smallpox were to occur, vaccinations would be offered to:
First responders and people at risk
A terrorist would MOST likely disseminate smallpox via:
Aerosolized.
Signs and symptoms of smallpox generally appear within
10-12 days following exposure.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Ebola, Rift Valley, and Yellow fever viruses.
Infection with the Ebola virus is characterized by:
Sudden onset of fever.
Anthrax is a bacterium that:
Lays dormant in a spore, When exposed to the optimal temp and moisture, the germ will be released from the spore.
Although Inhalational or pulmonary anthrax is the most deadly,
Cutaneous anthrax is the only form that is communicable.
Which of the following statements regarding ricin is MOST correct?
Ricin is least toxic by oral route.
Whether ingested or inhaled, ricin poisoning causes:
Local hemorrhage and cecrosis of the liver, spleen, kidney, and GI tract.
Which of the following biological agents is highly transmittable from person to person?
Pneumonic Plague & Smallpox.
When conducting syndromic surveillance, patients with who
present with signs and symptoms of Influenza are especially significant.
The Strategic National Stockpile’s points of distribution are:
Strategically placed facilities that have been pre-established.
In contrast to alpha radiation, beta radiation:
Is slightly more penetrating than alpha and requires a layer of clothing to stop it.
Neutron Energy is/are the
fastest and most powerful form of radiation, and can easily penetrate through lead.
Which of the following statements regarding a radiological dispersal device (RDD) is MOST correct?
Is any container that is designed to disperse radioactive material.
The destructive capability of a dirty bomb is:
Limited to the explosives that are attached to it.
The likelihood of a nuclear attack on the United States is:
Extremely remote.
Radiation exposure that occurs through the body is MOST appropriately termed:
Irradiation.
Common signs of acute radiation illness include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
The BEST way to protect yourself from the effects of radiation is to:
The best way to protect yourself from the effects of radiation are to use time and distance, and shield yourself in Level C protection from the source.
Which of the following situations does NOT depict a technical rescue?
Vehicles, water, trench collapse, confined spaces, or wilderness, search and rescue that requires specially trained personnel and special equipment.
Recognizing hazards, securing the scene, and calling for appropriate assistance are characteristic of the
Awareness level of technical rescue.
Access to a patient and the initiation of treatment can begin only after the:
Once the scene is safe and technical aspects of the Pt rescue or extrication are understood.
When providing treatment to a patient while he or she is being rescued, it is MOST important to:
Remember that there may be hidden hazards.
If you believe that your assigned task at a rescue incident may be unsafe, it would be MOST appropriate for you to:
Bring it to the attention of the IC or safety officer.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for an unnecessarily difficult or failed rescue attempt?
FAILURE
The MOST effective way of preparing your department to respond to a technical rescue incident is to:
Train
Immediately upon arriving at the scene involving a technical rescue situation:
The IC will assume command. A rapid scene size-up is needed to avoid placing rescuers in danger.
The size of the rescue area is MOSTLY dependent upon the:
Size of the rescue area is proportional to the hazards that exist.
Which of the following statements regarding the hot zone at a rescue scene is MOST correct?
For entry teams and rescue teams only.
After the warm zone has been established:
This is where the personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take place
Once the patient has been disentangled, your primary focus should be to:
Removing the patient.
The only time a patient should be moved prior to completion of initial care, assessment, stabilization, and treatment is when:
The Pt’s or emergency responder’s life is in immediate danger.
Which of the following statements regarding patient transport is MOST correct?
Depending on the severity of the Pt’s injuries and the distance to the medical facility, the type of transport will vary.
The scope and magnitude of a rescue incident:
Should be done at scene size-up.
Which of the following statements regarding utility hazards at the scene of a rescue operation is MOST correct?
Utility hazards can be above or below ground. And the rescue situation will dictate which ones need to be addressed first.
Which of the following items of personal protective equipment is NOT always required when performing a water rescue?
Contamination protection.
A handheld global positioning system is MOST useful in
Wilderness rescue incidents.
Immediate implementation of an incident management system is critical because:
It will be difficult –if not impossible –to ensure the rescuers safety.
Which of the following statements regarding vehicle airbags is MOST correct?
They can deploy at any time after an accident and must be deactivated even if the power supply to the vehicle has been disconnected.
In a four-door vehicle, the B posts are located:
Between the front and rear doors.
In contrast to a platform vehicle frame, a unibody frame:
Which is used in most modern cars, combines the vehicle body and the frame into a single component.
After a vehicle has been properly stabilized, the simplest way to gain access to a crash victim is to:
Open the door.
When heavy extrication tools are required to force a damaged door open, you should:
Choose a door that will not endanger the safety of the Pt.
After gaining access to a patient with extrication procedures, the next step involves:
Provide emergency medical care.
A patient would MOST likely become trapped between the driver’s seat and steering wheel following a:
Frontal & Rear-end collisions.
Prior to displacing a dash, you should anticipate that rescue personnel will FIRST:
Open both front doors.
When displacing a vehicle’s roof, you must FIRST:
First remove the glass to prevent it from falling on the Pt.
Which of the following gases is commonly found in swamps and sewers, is colorless, toxic, and flammable, and is released when bacteria break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen?
Hydrogen Sulfide
Carbon monoxide
binds to red blood cells and prevents them from transporting oxygen to all parts of the body.
Ammonia
is characterized by a pungent odor, and, because it is lighter than air, rises to the upper atmospheric level in confined spaces.
On any call involving a confined space rescue, you should:
Look for a bystander who might have witnessed the emergency.
Trench rescues are MOST often required when:
Earth is removed for placement of a utility line or for other construction and the sides of the excavation collapse.
Which of the following factors would be the LEAST likely to cause a secondary collapse during a trench rescue incident?
Vibration or additional weight or water eroding away the soil.
The FIRST step in assuming the self-rescue position if suddenly immersed in fast-moving water involves:
Is to roll into a face-up arched position with the lower back higher than the feet to avoid subsurface objects.
If you are caught in cold water and there are no personnel available to rescue you, you should:
Make every effort to keep your face above water, protect your head, and assume the heat-escape-lessening position (HELP)
The MOST common swift water rescue scenario involves:
People who have attempted to drive vehicles through a pool of water created by a flooded stream.
Your initial attempt to rescue a person from the water should involve:
Your safety and the safety of other rescuers.
As soon as you reach an unresponsive victim who is floating in the water, you should:
Turn the Pt supine.
In contrast to low-angle rope rescues, high-angle rescues:
Are situations where the slope of the ground is greater than 45°, and rescuers or Pts are dependent on a life safety rope and not a fixed surface or support such as the ground.
Descending on a fixed rope from a severe angle is called:
Rappel
Pain in a patient who is being rescued should initially be treated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
Pharmacologic methods
An EMS/HM Level I responder is trained to:
Preform defensive actions against the hazardous material, Preform Pt care activities in the cold zone at an incident for patients who no longer present a significant risk of secondary contamination.
At the scene of a hazardous materials (Haz-Mat) incident, the paramedic would MOST likely be called upon to:
Support hazardous materials teams through medical monitoring.
When you first arrive at the scene and recognize a hazardous materials incident, your FIRST priority is to:
Identify the hazardous material.

Upon arriving at the scene of an overturned tanker truck or train derailment, you should be MOST suspicious that a hazardous material is involved if:
Visible cloud or strange-looking smoke, Leak, Strong odor
If you are the first unit to arrive at a scene and observe any signs suggesting that a hazardous materials incident has occurred, you should:
Stop at a safe distance, upwind from the scene.
You should be particularly suspicious that a hazardous materials incident is the result of a terrorist attack when it occurs at a/an:
Large offices, government buildings, shopping malls.
When assessing a potential hazardous materials incident from a distance:
Rule of thumb.
Knowledge of the specific hazardous material involved in an incident is MOST important because:
It is tremendous value to the responding haz-mat team.
Which of the following statements regarding level 4 hazardous materials is MOST correct?
Includes materials that are so hazardous that minimal contact will cause death.
Which of the following statements regarding the warm zone at a hazardous materials incident is MOST correct?
The warm zone surrounds the hot zone.
Level A personal protective equipment:
Provides the greatest protection from exposure.
The direct exposure of a patient to a hazardous material is called:
Primary contamination.
Secondary contamination with a hazardous material occurs when:
A hazardous material is transferred to a person from another person or from contaminated objects.
Dermal exposure to a hazardous material:
Is by touch.
According to the dose effect principle:
The greater the length of time or the greater the concentration of the material, the greater the effect probably will be on the human body.
Parenteral exposure would occur if a patient
involved in a motor vehicle crash has an open wound that has gasoline dripping into it.
If a patient has ingested a hazardous material, your patient communication skills will be especially important because:
Often the ingestion is deliberate.
It is MOST important to park your ambulance upwind and uphill from a hazardous materials incident scene because:
Vapor rises and dissipates as it travels with the wind.
Decontaminating a patient with copious amounts of water:
This decreases the does effect of the hazardous material on the Pt.
Neutralization of a hazardous material is almost never used as a means of decontamination because:
Of the dangers of uncontrolled exothermic reactions.
In contrast to corrosive chemicals with a high pH, chemicals with a low pH:
Will take less time to be flushed.
Cyanide is a chemical asphyxiant, which means that it:
Interferes with the utilization of oxygen at the cellular level.

Prior to accepting a patient who has been decontaminated by the hazardous materials team, the paramedic must:
Assume that the pt is not completely decontaminated.
Violence against EMS personnel is not uncommon in rural areas, especially because:
Being confused with PD
If a violent person directs his or her aggression at you:
You must quickly identify potentially dangerous situations and act to remove yourself, your team, and possibly the Pt
All of the following are indicators of the potential for violence, EXCEPT:
Shooting, stabbing, or attempted suicide.
Your EMS system’s standard procedure for responding to any call involving violence should be to:
Allow law enforcement personnel to arrive and secure the scene before your entry.
If you unexpectedly find yourself in the middle of a domestic dispute, the situation would MOST likely deteriorate if you:
Use good communication skills in conjunction with eye contact and appropriate body language can defuse the situation.
Which of the following statements regarding clandestine drugs labs is MOST correct?
The most popular substance manufactured in clandestine labs is methamphetamine.
It is MOST important to consider a clandestine drug lab to be a/an:
Everything associated with a clandestine lab is hazardous.
Which of the following objects or locations would NOT provide adequate cover from gunfire?
Trees, utility poles, mail collection boxes, dumbsters, curbs, vehicles, and depressions in the ground.
If you are taken hostage, it is MOST important to:
Remember that they last 4.5 to 5 hours, You can increase your chances of survival if you can anticipate the feelings and actions of the hostage taker and the negotiators.
If you are under fire from a sniper who is on the roof a building, and you are using a vehicle as cover, the MOST effective way of protecting yourself is to:
Use the engine block and wheel area as cover.
Which of the following statements regarding cover and concealment is MOST correct?
At night move into the darkness or shadows.
If someone continues to intentionally block you from reaching a critically injured patient despite your initial request that he or she move, you should:
Identify yourself and say “Move back! That person may die if you don’t let me help.
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the interview stance?
Arms length, with your body at a 45° angle to the person. Feet shoulder width apart, knees bent and hand relaxed
If you believe that your life is in jeopardy:
Any action that gets you out of the situation is reasonable level of force.
How can you BEST assist law enforcement at the scene of a crime involving a gunshot wound or stabbing?
Follow law enforcement direction when you are asked to park in a specific area or to avoid a certain location.
One of the MOST difficult aspects of being a triage officer is:
That you must not begin to treatment until all patients are triaged, or you will compromise your triage efforts.