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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
age structure
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Number of individuals in each age category for a population
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biotic potential
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Of population growth for a given species, the maximum rate of increase per individual under ideal conditions.
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carrying capacity
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The maximum number of individuals in a population (or species) that a given environment can sustain indefinitely.
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cohort
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Group of individuals from a population from the time of birth until the last one dies.
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demographic transition model
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Model that correlates changes in population growth with four stages of economic development.
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demographics
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A population's vital statistics.
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density-dependent control
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Factor that limits population growth by reducing the birth rate or increasing death and dispersal rates (e.g., predation, parasitism, disease, competition).
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density-independent factor
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Factor that causes a population's death rate to rise independently of density (e.g., a severe storm or flood).
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doubling time
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Time it takes for a population to double in size.
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ecology
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[Gk. oikos, home, + logos, reason] The scientific study of how organisms interact with one another and with their environment.
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emigration
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Permanent move by a resident out of a population.
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exponential growth
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Pattern of population growth in which population size expands by ever-increasing increments during successive intervals, because its reproductive base becomes ever larger. Size increases against time plot out as a J-shape curve.
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immigration
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One or more individuals moves from its population and takes up permanent residence in another population of its species.
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J-shaped curve
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Type of diagrammatic curve that emerges when unrestricted exponential growth of a population is plotted against time.
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life history pattern
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Patterns of reproduction, survival, and life expectancy for a population.
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limiting factor
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Single factor that limits the growth, abundance, or distribution of the population of a species in an ecosystem.
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logistic growth
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A population growth pattern. A low-density population slowly increases in size, enters a phase of rapid growth, then levels off in size once the carrying capacity has been reached.
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migration
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Recurring round trip between two or more regions in response to environmental rhythms (e.g., seasonal change).
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net population growth rate per individual (r)
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For population growth equations, a variable combining rates and death rates; assumes that both remain constant in specified interval.
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population density
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Count of individuals of a population in a habitat (by area or volume).
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population distribution
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Dispersal pattern for individuals of a population through a habitat.
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population size
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The number of individuals that make up the gene pool of a population.
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r
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Variable in population growth equations that signifies net population growth rate. Birth and death rates are assumed to remain constant and are combined into this one variable.
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reproductive base
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The number of actually and potentially reproducing individuals in a population.
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S-shaped curve
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Type of diagrammatic curve that emerges when logistic population growth is plotted against time.
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survivorship curve
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Plot of age-specific survival of a group of individuals in the environment, from the time of birth until the last one dies.
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total fertility rate
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(TFR) The average number of children being born to women of a specified population during their reproductive years.
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zero population growth
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Of a population, no overall increase or decrease during a specified interval; population size is stabilized.
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