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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Potential Energy
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the capacity to do work
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Kinetic Energy
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the energy of motion
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Chemical Energy
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potential energy of molecules
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant
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Entropy
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a measure of the degree of a system's disorder
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Second Law of Thermodynamic
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A state of maximum entropy
(i.e., the pyramids, once highly organized, presently crubling, and many thousands of years from now, dust.) |
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ATP
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(adenosine triphosphate)Main coupling agent of cells
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On their own, energy in cells do what?
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Energy in the cells spontaneously run in the direction that results in a decrease in usable energy
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ATP Couples what?
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ATP, an energy carrier in all living cells, couples energy-releasing reactions with energy-requiring ones.
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How does ATP actually "couple"?
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It does so by phosphate-group transfers, which release enough usable energy to activate molecules - to prime them to react.
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What happens in Aerobic Respiration?
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Transfers of electrons and hydrogen from glucose drive ATP formation.
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What happens in Photosynthesis?
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similar transfers (such as the transfers of electrons and hydrogen in Aerobic Respiration) drive ATP formation, then the electrons and hydrogen combine with carbon and oxygen to form glucose.
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Diffuision
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the net movement of like molecules or ions down a concentration gradient
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Enzymes
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catalytic molecules which speed up the rate at which reactions approach equilibrium
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Passive Transport
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an unassisted flow of solutes through the interior of a transport protein, down the concentration gradients.
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Active Transport
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energy driven mechanisms called "membrane pumps" make solutes cross cell memberanes against concentration gradients so that their net movement is in the direction where they are more concentrated.
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Exocytosis
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when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and its contents are released outside
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Endocytosis
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the cell secures items at its outer surface; an indentation formas at the plasma membrane, balloons inward, and pinches off. The resulting endocytic vesicle transports or stores its contents in the cytoplasm.
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Phagocytosis
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an active form of endocytosis where cells are eaten.
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Osmosis
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diffusion of water molecules in response to a water concentration gradient between two regions separated by a selectively permeable membrane.
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Sandstorm Facts
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Average duration: 1 day
Heat supplies energy needed to fuel sandstorm Cools off at night and sandstorm typically disapates |
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Tsunami Facts
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Tsu means harbor; nami means waves
Caused by earthquakes, waves travel outwards, rapid change in water levels, no way to prevent, working on a buoy warning system |
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Tornado Facts
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Look for cumulous clouds, thunderstorms, typically a mile wide a top
Tornado Season: April thru July Tornado Alley: Midwest Signs of Tornado: greenish/black sky, hail, quiet, rotating clouds, flying debris, sounds like trains/jets |
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Cells have what kind of environment?
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Cells have a constantly changing environment
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What do actions of cells determine?
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Actions of cells determines what organ does
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How many cells in human body?
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65 Trillion cells in human body
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Are cells for frog/human/bird similar?
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Skin cells for frog/bird/human look alike.
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Organelles
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funtional part of cells
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Muscles need more what for energy?
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Muscles need more mitochondria for energy.
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Hydroponics
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ability to grow plants without soil
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What is withing the plasma memberane?
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Lipids, carbohydrates and proteins are within the plasma membrane.
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Diffusion
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The scattering of incident light by reflection from a rough surface; The transmission of light through a translucent material; The spontaneous intermingling of the particles of two or more substances as a result of random thermal motion.
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Endocytosis
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A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell.
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