Ch 39 Nur 109

Front 1

Joints are classified according to which of the following criteria?

a. Bone type they connect

b. Amount of movement they permit

c. Size of the joint

d. Amount of space between the bones.

Back 1

b

Front 2

Which of the following terms describes the lateral movement of a body part toward the mid line of the body?

a. Adduction

b. Abduction

c. Circumduction

d. Extension

Back 2

a

Front 3

An object has greater stability under which of the following conditions?

a. A wide base of support and high center of gravity.

b. A narrow base of support and high center of gravity

c. A wide base of support and low center of gravity

d. A narrow base of support and low center of gravity.

Back 3

c

Front 4

Which of the following postural reflexes informs the brain of the location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movements stimulation special nerve endings in muscles tendons, and fascia?

a. Labyrinthine sense

b. Extensor reflexes

c. Optic reflexes

d. Proprioceptor sense

Back 4

d

Front 5

The CNS part that integrates semivoluntary movements such as walking swimming and laughing is which f the following?

a. Basal ganglia

b. Cerebral motor cortex

c. Cerebellum

d. Pyramidal pathways

Back 5

a

Front 6

A patient who is bedridden may experience which of the following conditions?

a. Increase in the movement of secretions in the respiratory tract

b. Increase in circulating fibrinolysin

c. Predisposition to renal calculi

d. Increased metabolic rate

Back 6

c

Front 7

Which of the following parts of the CNS assists the motor cortex and basal ganglia by making body movements smooth and coordinated?

a. Cerebral motor cortex

b. Cerebellum

c. Basal ganglia

d. Pyramidal pathways

Back 7

b

Front 8

On assessing an ambulatory patient you observe that both arms swing freely in alternation with leg swings. You are assessing which of the following?

a. Alignment

b. Joint function

c. Gait

d. Muscle tone

Back 8

c

Front 9

Mr. Drennan will be ambulating for the first time since his cardiac surgery. Which of the following should the nurse consider when assisting Mr. Drennan?

a. Patients who are fearful of walking should be told to look at their feet when walking to ensure correct positioning.

b. Patients who can lift their legs only 1 to 2 inches off the bed do not have sufficient muscle power to permit walking.

c. Nurses should never assist patients with ambulation without a physical therapist present.

d. If an ambulating patient whom a nurse is assisting begins to fall the nurse should slide the patient down his or her own body to the floor carefully protecting the patients head.

Back 9

d

Front 10

The ribs are an example of which of the following types of bones?

a. Long bones

b. Short Bones

c. Flat bones

d. Irregular bones

Back 10

c

Front 11

Which of the following traumas to the musculoskeletal system is a break in the continuity of the structure of a bone or cartilage?

a. Fracture

b. Sprain

c. strain

d. Dislocation

Back 11

a

Front 12

Swimming, jogging, and bicycling are examples of which of the following types of exercises?

a. Isotonic

b. Isometric

c. Isokinetic

d. Stretching

Back 12

a

Front 13

Mr. bellas is a 40yr old man in a sedentary job who is beginning an exercise program. Which of the following effects will exercise have on his cardiovascular system?

a. Decreased efficiency of the heart

b. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure

c. Decreased blood flow to all body parts

d. Decreased circulating fibrinolysin

Back 13

b

Front 14

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb is an example of which of the following types of joints?

a. Gliding joint

b. Condyloid joint

c. Pivot joint

d. Saddle joint

Back 14

d

Front 15

A body that is in correct alignment when standing maintains which of the following positions?

a. The chest is held upward and backward.

b. The abdominal muscles are held downward and the buttocks upward.

c. The knees are slightly bent.

d. The base of the support is on the soles of the feet.

Back 15

d

Front 16

Which of the following are examples of isometric exercise? (Select all that apply)

a. Jogging

b. Range of motion exercises

c. Contracting the quadriceps

d. Kegel exercises

e. Bicycling

f. Contracting and releasing the gluteal muscles

Back 16

c, d, f

Front 17

Which of the following statement accurately describe typical body movements? (select all that apply)

a. Dorsiflexion is the backward bending of the hand or foot.

b. Internal rotation is a body part turning on its axis away from the midline of the body.

c. Rotation is the turning of a body part on the axis provided by its joint.

d. Flexion is the state of being in a straight line

e. Inversion is the movement of the sole of the foot inward.

f. Plantar flexion refers to the flexion of the hand.

Back 17

a, c, e

Front 18

Which of the following are effects of exercise on body systems? (select all that apply)

a. Increase resting heart rate and blood pressure

b. Increases intestinal tone

c. Increases efficiency of metabolic system

d. Increases blood flow to kidneys

e. Decreases appetite

f. Decreases rate of carbon dioxide excretion.

Back 18

b, c, d

Front 19

Which of the following are effects of immobility on body systems? (select all that apply)

a. increased cardiac workload

b. increased depth of respiration

c. Increased rate of respiration

d. Decreased urinary stasis

e. Increased risk for renal calculi

f. Increased risk for electrolyte imbalance

Back 19

a, e, f

Front 20

Which of the following are normal findings when assessing a patients mobility status? select all that apply)

a. Increased joint mobility

b. Independent maintenance of correct aliment.

c. Scissors gait

d. Head, shoulders and hip aligned in bed.

e. Full range of motion

f. Fasciculations

Back 20

b, d, e

Front 21

Which of the following are recommended nursing interventions for problems related to mobility (select all that apply)

a. For increased cardiac workload, instruct the patient to lie in the prone position.

b. For ineffective breathing patterns encourage shallow breathing and coughing.

c. For orthostatic hypotention have the patient sleep sitting up or in an an elevated position.

d. For impaired physical mobility perform ROM exercises every 2hrs.

e. For constipation increase fluid intake and roughage.

f. For impaired skin integrity reposition the patient in correct alignment at least every 1 to 2hrs.

Back 21

c, e, f

Front 22

Which of the following are accurate guidelines when teaching crutch walking to patients? (select all that apply)

a. Keep elbows close to sides

b. Prevent crutches from getting closer than 2 inches to the feet.

c. Use the four point gait for patient who may bear weight on both feet.

d. Use the swing to gait for patients who may not bear weight on either foot.

f. When climbing stairs advance the unaffected leg past the crutches then advance the affected leg and then the crutches.

Back 22

a, b, c

Front 23

Which of he following are accurate steps when assisting with passive ROM exercises? (select all that apply)

a. Raise the bed to the highest position.

b. Adjust the bed to the flat position or as low as the patient can tolerate.

c. Begin ROM exercises at the patients head and move down one side of the body at a time.

d. Perform each exercise 10 to 15 mins.

e. Move each joint in a smooth rhythmic manner.

f. Use a flat palm to support joints during ROM exercises.

Back 23

b, c, e

Front 24

What kind of joint is this?

The joints between the axis and atlas and the proximal ends of the radius and ulna

Back 24

Pivot joint

Front 25

What kind of joint is this?

Carpal bones of the wrist; tarsal bones of the feet.

Back 25

Gliding joint

Front 26

What kind of joint is this?

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb.

Back 26

Saddle joint

Front 27

What kind of joint is this?

Wrist joint

Back 27

Condyloid joint

Front 28

What kind of joint is this?

Shoulder and hip joints

Back 28

Ball and socket joint

Front 29

What position is this?

The assumption of a prone position

Back 29

Pronation

Front 30

What position is this?

Lateral movement of the body part away from the mid-line of the body.

Back 30

Abduction

Front 31

What position is this?

Backward bending of the hand or foot.

Back 31

Dorsiflexion

Front 32

What position is this?

Movement of the sole or foot outward.

Back 32

Eversion

Front 33

What position is this?

The state of being bent

Back 33

Flexion

Front 34

What position is this?

Body part turning on its axis away form the mid-line of the body.

Back 34

External rotation

Front 35

What position is this?

Lateral movement of a body part toward the mid-line of the body.

Back 35

Adduction

Front 36

What position is this?

Movement of the sole of the foot inward

Back 36

Inversion

Front 37

What position is this?

Movement of the distal part of the limb to trace a complete circle while the proximal end of the bone remains fixed

Back 37

Circumduction

Front 38

What position is this?

The assumption of a supine position.

Back 38

Supination

Front 39

What position is this?

A body part turning on its axis toward the midline of the body

Back 39

Internal rotation

Front 40

What position is this?

Flexion of the foot

Back 40

Plantar flexion

Front 41

What position is this?

The state of being in a straight line

Back 41

Extension

Front 42

What position is this?

The turning point of a body part on the axis provided by its joint.

Back 42

Rotation

Front 43

Increased muscle mass resulting from exercise or training

Back 43

Hypertrophy

Front 44

Increased tone that interferes with movement

Back 44

Spasticity

Front 45

Impaired muscle strength or weakness

Back 45

Paresis

Front 46

Muscle mass that is decreased through disuse or neurologic impairment.

Back 46

Atrophy

Front 47

Paralysis of the arms and legs

Back 47

Quadriplegia

Front 48

The slight residual tension that remains in a resting normal muscle with an intact nerve supply.

Back 48

Muscle Tone

Front 49

Decreased tone that results from disuse or neurologic impairment

Back 49

Flaccidity

Front 50

Weakness of half of the body

Back 50

Hemiparesis

Front 51

The bones of the jaw and spinal column would be classified as ___________ bones

Back 51

Irregular

Front 52

In a __________, articular surfaces are flat; flexion extension and abduction - adduction are permitted.

Back 52

Gliding Joint

Front 53

__________ are tough fibrous bands that bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage.

Back 53

Ligaments

Front 54

It is a ____________ that stimulates muscles to contract.

Back 54

Nerve impulse

Front 55

____________ is the efficient use of the body as a machine and as a means of locomotion.

Back 55

Body Mechanics

Front 56

____________ is the term used to describe the state of slight contraction or the usual state of skeletal muscles.

Back 56

Tonus

Front 57

The _________ a base of support and the lower the center of gravity the greater the stability of the object.

Back 57

wider

Front 58

The ___________ sense informs the brain of the location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating special nerve endings in muscles tendons and fascia.

Back 58

Proprioceptor or kinesthetic

Front 59

The ___________ integrates semi-voluntary movements such as walking swimming and laughing.

Back 59

Basal Ganglia

Front 60

Rehabilitative exercises for knee or elbow injuries are examples of _____________ exercises.

Back 60

Isokinetic

Front 61

___________ is an incomplete expansion or collapse of lung tissue.

Back 61

Atelectasis

Front 62

___________ is a complication of immobility in which the foot cannot maintain itself in the perpendicular position, heel toe gait is impossible and the patient experiences extreme difficulty in walking

Back 62

Footdrop

Front 63

Should a patient faint or begin to fall while walking, the nurse should stand with his or her feet apart to create a wide base of support and rock the pelvis out on the side ________________ the patient.

Back 63

Facing

Front 64

When a patient stands between the back legs of a walker the walker should extend from the floor to the patients hip joint; the patients elbows should be flexed about ___________ degrees.

Back 64

30 degrees

Front 65

What are the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

Back 65

Increases the efficiency of the heart

lowers the resting heart rate and bp

Increases the blood flow and oxygenation of all body parts.

Front 66

What are the effect of immobility on the cardiovascular system?

Back 66

Increased cardiac workload

Increased risk for orthostatic hypotension

Increased risk for venous thrombosis

Front 67

What are the effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

Back 67

Increased depth of respiration

Increased respiratory rate

Increased gas exchange at alveolar level

Increased rate of carbon dioxide excretion.

Front 68

What are the effects of immobility on the respiratory system?

Back 68

Decreased depth of respiration

Decreased rate of respiration

Pooling secretions

Impaired gas exchange.

Front 69

What are the effects of exercise on the gastrointestinal system?

Back 69

Increased appetite

Increased intestinal tone

Front 70

What are the effects of immobility on the GI system

Back 70

Disturbance in appetite

Altered protein metabolism

altered digestion and utilization of nutrients

Front 71

What are the effects of Exercise on the Urinary system?

Back 71

Increased blood flow to the kidneys

Increased efficiency in maintaining fluid and acid base balance

Increase in efficiency in excreting body wastes

Front 72

What are the effects of immobility on the Urinary system?

Back 72

Increased risk for Renal Calculi

Decrease in bladder muscle tone

Front 73

What are the effects of exercise on the Musculoskeletal system?

Back 73

Increase in muscle efficiency

Increase in coordination

Increase in efficiency of nerve impulse transmission.

Front 74

What are the effects of Immobility on Musculoskeletal system?

Back 74

Decrease in muscle size, tone, and strength.

Decrease in joint mobility flexibility

Bone demineralization

Decrease in endurance and stability

Increase risk for contracture formation

Front 75

What are the effects of exercise on the Metabolic system?

Back 75

Increase in efficiency of the metabolic system

Increase efficiency of body temperature regulation.

Front 76

What are the effects of Immobility on the Metabolic system?

Back 76

Increased risk for electrolyte imbalance.

Altered exchange of nutrients and gases.

Front 77

What are the effects of Immobility on the Integument system?

Back 77

Increased risk for skin breakdown and formation of decubitus ulcers

Front 78

What are the effect of exercise on the Integument system?

Back 78

Improved tone color tugor resulting from improved circulation.

Front 79

What are the effects of exercise on the Pyschological Well being

Back 79

Energy, vitality, general well ging

Improved sleep

Improved appearance

Improved self concept

Positive health behaviors

Front 80

What are the effects of immobility on a persons psychological well being?

Back 80

Increased sense of powerlessness

Decreased self concept

Decreased social interaction

Decreased Sensory stimulation

Altered sleep wake pattern

Increased risk for depression.

Front 81

What are three functions performed by the muscles through contraction?

Back 81

Motion

Maintenance of posture

Heat production

Front 82

Describe the following points of attachment of muscle to bone.

a. Point of origin

b. Point of insertion.

Back 82

a. Attachment of a muscle to the more stationary bone.

b. Attachment of a muscle to the more movable bone.

Front 83

The ____________ nervous system conveys information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the central nervous system.

Back 83

Afferent

Front 84

Nerve cells called _________ are responsible for conducting impulses from one part of the body to another.

Back 84

Neurons

Front 85

The _________ system conveys the desired response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by way of the somatic nervous system.

Back 85

Efferent

Front 86

A ____________ is a metal frame that keeps the top of bedding off the patients lower extremities while providing privacy and warmth.

Back 86

Cradle

Front 87

___________ are use to immobilize an extremity and support body alignment. They are not hard or firmly packed but should be placed so they do not create pressure on bony prominences.

Back 87

Sandbags

Front 88

_____________ rolls are used to support the hips and legs so that the femurs do not rotate outward.

Back 88

Trochanter rolls

Front 89

Normal body movements are?

Back 89

Voluntarily controlled, fluid, and coordinated

Front 90

Abnormal body movements are?

Back 90

Involuntary movements, tremors, tics, chorea, etc.