Ch. 37 Bio 102

Front 1

A community is composed of

Back 1

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.

Front 2

When two different populations in a community benefit from their relationship with each other, the result is called ____

Back 2

Mutualism

Front 3

Which of the following is an example of predation?

Back 3

a hawk swooping down quickly to capture, kill, and eat a prairie king snake

Front 4

The sum total of a population's use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its habitat constitutes its ___.

Back 4

Niche

Front 5

In an ecosystem, you would expect to find interspecific competition between

Back 5

populations of two species that occupy the same niche

Front 6

If an overlap develops between the ranges of two closely related species, and if the species occupy the same niche in the zone of overlap, what will probably happen in the zone of overlap?

Back 6

One species will take over most or all of the zone of overlap.

Front 7

Camouflage typically evolves as a result of ___.

Back 7

predation

Front 8

One mechanism that prey populations evolve to avoid predation is

Back 8

chemical defenses.

Front 9

Some herbivore-plant interactions evolved through a series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in both species. The process is called ___.

Back 9

Coevolution

Front 10

Most plants have a variety of chemicals, spines, and thorns because the plants

Back 10

cannot run away from herbivores.

Front 11

The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a ________ relationship with humans.

Back 11

parasitic

Front 12

Within an ecosystem, a tree is a ___.

Back 12

producer

Front 13

On Earth, most organic molecules are produced by

Back 13

photosynthesis

Front 14

In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers are

Back 14

primary consumers

Front 15

In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton → zooplankton → fish → fishermen, the fishermen are

Back 15

tertiary consumers.

Front 16

Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them into inorganic forms are

Back 16

decomposers

Front 17

Which of the following statements regarding food webs is true?

Back 17

Several species of primary consumers may feed on the same species of producer.

Front 18

The number of species in a community is called the

Back 18

species richness.

Front 19

We expect that a keystone species that is a predator will

Back 19

maintain the species diversity in a community.

Front 20

During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community generally

Back 20

changes gradually because each species responds differently to the changing environment.

Front 21

When a New England farm is abandoned, its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows, then shrubby areas, and finally forest. This sequence of plant communities is an example of

Back 21

secondary succession.

Front 22

Non-native species that are introduced in new environments, spread far beyond the original point of introduction, and cause damage are called

Back 22

invasive species.

Front 23

The flow of ________ into ecosystems occurs in one direction only, while ________ are recycled within the ecosystem itself.

Back 23

energy . . . chemicals

Front 24

In an average ecosystem, about how much energy is present in the organisms at a given trophic level compared to the organisms at the next higher trophic level?

Back 24

ten times as much

Front 25

Which of the following substances is cycled between organic matter and abiotic reservoirs?

Back 25

carbon

Front 26

Carbon mainly cycles between the biotic and abiotic worlds through the processes of

Back 26

cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Front 27

Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is true?

Back 27

The nitrogen cycle requires different types of bacteria.

Front 28

Denitrifying bacteria convert ________ to ________.

Back 28

nitrates . . . nitrogen gas