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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All of Earth that is inhabited by life is called the _____
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Biosphere
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The immediate results of the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers included ___, but long term results included _____.
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Dramatic increases in crop yields ; the evolution of pest resistance.
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What environmental factors usually has the greatest direct effect on an organisms rate of water loss by evaporation?
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Wind
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Most of the world’s deserts are located at latitudes where
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Cold, dry air moving toward the poles descend.
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A sperm whale in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is in which oceanic zone?
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Pelagic Zone
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Pelagic Zone
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is the open ocean.
It supports highly mobile animals such as fish, squids, and marine mammals and others. (phytoplankton (algae,cyanobacteria, and zooplankton drift in the pelagic zone—are the base of the food chain. |
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Which ocean zone describes the interface between ocean and land?
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Intertidal
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Intertidal Zone
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is the wetland at the edge of an estuary or ocean, where water meets land.
Salt marshes, sand, rocky beaches, and tide pools are part of the intertidal zone. It is often flooded by high tides and then left dry during low tides. |
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Estuary
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Fresh water and seawater mix in a ___.
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Estuary
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are productive areas where rivers meet the ocean.
The saltiness of ____ ranges from less than 1% to 3%. They provide nursery areas for oysters, crabs and many fish. They are often bordered by extensive coastal wetlands. |
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Usually, a river _____ at its source compared to farther downstream.
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HAS LESS PHYTOPLANKTON
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Why is the runoff from fertilized agricultural fields, even if free of pesticides often harmful to the ecosystem of temperate lakes?
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The runoff causes heavy growth of algae which eventually die and decompose, causing oxygen depletion.
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The kind of vegetation in a tropical rain forest is generally determined by the amount of ___.
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Rainfall
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The major reason for tropical deforestation is
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cleaing forests to open up land for agriculture.
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Arctic Tundra
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very cold winters, only the upper layer of the soil thaws during summer.
Treeless biome, extreme cold, wind, and permafrost. Permafrost is continuously frozen subsoil. |
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Chapparral
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spiny evergreen shrubland with cool, rainy winters and long hot, dry summers. Mediterranean climate.
Climate is due to cool ocean current circulating offshore and is limited to coastal areas. Vegetation is adapted to periodic fires. Ashes make the soil rich in nutrients, shrubs regrow from the surviving roots. Many plants with seeds that need fire to germinate. |
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Temperate Grasslands
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found in the interiors of the continent, where winters are cold.
Farms have replaced most of N.Americas grasslands (fertile soil) and is the most productive agricultural regions in the world. Prairies in N. America |
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Temperate Broadleaf Forests
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grow where there is sufficient moisture and nutrients to support the growth of large trees.
Soil rich in organic and inorganic nutrients. Oak, hickory, birch, beech and maple trees. |
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Taiga (Northern Coniferous Forest)-
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taiga (Russian word meaning mountain).
Largest terrestrial biome. May experience considerable snowfall. Long cold winters, and short wet summers. Soil is thin and acidic. Includes temperate rain forests of coastal n. America( Alaska to Oregon) and Asia south of Arctic Circle. Dominant trees: pine, hemlock, Douglas fir, redwood |
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Savanna
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drier, tropical areas and some nontropical areas.
Dominated by grasses with scattered trees. Poor soil and lack of moisture, grazing animals and frequent fires inhibit establishment of trees. Land of the herbivores and their predators. |
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Desert
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are the driest of all terrestrial biomes.
Low and unpredictable rainfall. Occur in two regions around 30 N and 30 S latitudes and in the rain shadows of mountains. Typically hot during the day and cold during the night. |
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Most of the best agricultural soils in the U.S are found in areas that were formerly ___ ___.
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TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS.
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Expect to find the highest abundance of large, grazing mammals in the ___ ___.
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Temperate Grasslands
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List of biomes in order from lowest precipitation to highest:
temperate broadleaf forest, tundra, tropical rainforest, desert |
desert, tundra, temperate broadleaf forest, tropical rainforest
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Biotic Factors
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include all of the living organisms in the area. Ex. A friend
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Abiotic Factors
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are the environments nonliving components. Ex. Temperature, forms of energy available, water and nutrients.
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Ecologists study... and give an example
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the interactions of organisms with their environments. Ex. How do tapeworms cope with life in the human intestine.
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What is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all surface terrestrial and shallow water ecosystems?
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Sunlight: provides the energy that powers most of earth’s ecosystem
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