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9 Cards in this Set

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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Life-disrupting physiological and psychological changes

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PDD)

Severe PMS characterized by mood swings, depression, irritability, anxiety; possible causes are excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption, overweight, lack of exercise

Possible treatment for PMS

Antidepressants


Decrease caffeine intake


Daily physical activity


Vitamin supplements-calcium, vitamins D and B6, magnesium (regulates serotonin)

Hyperandrogenaemia

Increased synthesis of androgens like testosterone; obesity increases this in women; exercise and diet can improve this especially in women with PCOS

Leptin

Hormone expressed in adipose tissue; hunger suppressant. Women usually have higher leptin levels than men; decrease of leptin also decreases GnRH, FSH, and LH

Risks of bariatric surgery and pregnancy

Increases risk for iron, folate, calcium, and vitamins A, B12, and K deficiency; women should not become pregnant during the first year of surgery

Metabolic Syndrome is diagnosed if 3 out of 5 conditions exist

1. Waist circumference is >40in in men and >35in in women


2. Blood triglycerides >150mg/dL


3. HDL cholesterol is <40mg/dL in men and <50mg/dL in women


4. Blood pressure >130/85mm Hg


5. Fasting blood glucose >110mg/dL

Risks of having Metabolic Syndrome

Increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

3 ways to treat metabolic syndrome

Diet


Exercise


Weight reduction (naturally or with surgery)