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30 Cards in this Set

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Cytology

Study of cellular structure and function

Plasma membrane

Separates intracellular material from extracellular material

Consists of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein

Plasma membrane

Semipermiable

Only certain substances can cross the cell membrane

Plasma membrane

Involved in structural support

Phospholipids

Two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, a phosphate group and a polar molecule.

Phosphate group and polar head region of the molecule is hydrophilic (attracted to water) while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (repelled by water)

Phospholipids

Proteins

Passage through the cell, receptor sites, markers (glycoproteins)

Cholesterol

Structural support (stiffen and strengthens)

Microvilli

Tiny folds in the membrane, increases the surface area , ideal for absorbing large amounts of water

Cilia

Short hair like projections in the outer surface of the membrane. Help move substances across the surface of the cell

Flagella

Thicker, longer hair like projections on the surface of the membrane. Used for cell locomotion

Passive transport

Doesn’t require cells to expend energy

4 mechanisms of passive transport

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, & facilitated diffusion

Diffusion

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Larger molecules like glucose

Equilibrium

When no further diffusion occurs

Endocytosis

Intake of food (phagocytosis) or liquid (pinocytosis) by unfoldings of the cell membrane

Phagocytes

White blood cells

Exocytosis

Movement of large amounts of substances out of the cells

Tissue

Groups of similar cells that perform a common function

4 major types of tissues

Epithelial


Connective


Nervous


Muscular

Osmosis

Diffusion of water from an area of greater concentration of water to an area of lesser concentration of water

Facilitated diffusion

Transport of substances from high to low concentration with the help of another molecule within the membrane.

Tonicity

Ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell

Isotonic

One concentration of solutes is the same as it is in the cell.

Hypertonic

Higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell

Hypotonic

Lower concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell

Filtration

Water and substances cross the membrane in response to differences in pressures

Pressure pushes substances across the membrane

Active transport

Requires energy in the form of ATP

Sodium potassium pump

Force molecules to move against the concentration gradient

Molecules move from low to high