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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Symbioses |
Close associations between organisms that are advantageous to at least one of the members, can be obligatory or nonobligatory, involve animals, plants, and other microbes, and can include complex multipartner interactions |
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Symbionts |
members of symbiotic relationships |
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Endosymbionts |
symbionts that live internally |
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Ectosymbionts |
symbionts that are affixed to the outside surfaces or their partners |
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Mutualism |
most intimate and interdependent type of sybiosis, implies all members share in the benefits of the relationship |
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Many mutualistic associations have devoloped over hundreds of millions and even billions of years of shared evolution, a process termed _________. |
Coevolution |
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Obligate Mutualism |
Organisms that are so intimately associated that they require each other to survive. |
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Nonobligate Mutualism |
Organisms interact at the cellular level for mutual benefit, but they can be separated and live apart. |
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Commensalism |
The members have an unequal relationship, one partner is favored by the association and the other is not harmed or helped. |
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Parasitism |
A microbe invades the sterile regions of a host and occupies its tissues and cells,causing some degree of damage. |
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Aerobe |
utilizes oxygen and can detoxify it
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Obligate aerobe |
cannot grow without oxygen
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Facultative anaerobe
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utilizes oxygen but can also grow in its absence
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Microaerophilic
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requires only a small amount of oxygen
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Anaerobe
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does not utilize oxygen
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Obligate anaerobe
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lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen so cannot survive in an oxygen environment
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Aerotolerant anaerobes
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do not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in its presence
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Most microobes grow at pH between 6 and 8
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neutrophiles
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Acidophiles
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grow at extreme acid pH
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Alkalinophiles
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grow at extreme alkaline pH
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Halophiles
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require a high concentration of salt
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Osmotolerant
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do not require high concentration of solute but can tolerate it when it occurs
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