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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT IS THE MASS NUMBER OF AN ION WITH 109 ELECTRONS, 158 NEUTRONS, AND A +1 CHARGE? |
268 |
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WHAT IS THE PH OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH THE HYDRONIUM ION CONCENTRATION... [H3O+] = 2×10^-14 M |
13.7 |
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WHAT IS THE MOLAR CONCENTRATION OF [H3O+] IN A COLA THAT HAS A PH OF 3.120? |
7.59×10^-4 |
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IS ACIDIC PH>7 OR PH <7? What about basic? |
Acidic = ph < 7 Basic = ph>7 |
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Are hydrogen bonds STRONGER OR WEAKER than covalent? |
Much weaker |
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What are 2 examples of adhesion? |
●water molecules cling to plant cell walls ●water molecules cling to the side of a beaker |
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What are 2 examples of cohesion? |
●water molecules are attracted to each other ●drop of water spilled on a table forms a drop on the table, rather than spreading out over the table |
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What are 2 examples of surface tension? |
●a sewing needle floats when it is placed gently on top of water in a bucket ●a water bug runs across a pond w/o breaking the surface |
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What is specific heat? |
Amount of heat required to raise temp by one degree Celsius |
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Why does water have a high specific heat? |
B/c of the hydrogen bonding between water molecules |
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If X has a higher specific heat than Y, is Y more/less resistant to temperature change? |
Y is less resistant |
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A SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO OTHER SUBSTANCES BY ORDINARY CHEMICAL PROCEDURES IS A (N)... |
Element |
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WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF AN ATOM THAT HAS 6 PROTONS, 6 NEUTRONS, & 6 ELECTRONS? |
6 |
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ATOMS WITH THE SAME ATOMIC NUMBER BUT DIFFERENT ATOMIC MASSES ARE... |
ISOTOPES |
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FLUORINE'S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 9 & ITS ATOMIC MASS IS 19. HOW MANY NEUTRONS DOES FLUORINE HAVE? |
10 |
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An uncharged atom of boron has atomic # if 5 & atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have? |
5 |
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WHAT SUBATOMIC PARTICLE ALWAYS HAS A POSITIVE CHARGE? |
Proton |
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What type of bond is joining the 2 hydrogen bonds? |
Covalent |
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A _____ refers to 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
Molecule |
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This atom can form up to ______ single covalent bonds. |
4 |
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A (n) _______ bond joins these 2 oxygen atoms. |
Double covalent |
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Atoms with the same # of protons but w/ different electrical charges are different _________. |
Ions |
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IN SALT, WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE BOND BETWEEN SODIUM & CHLORINE? |
IONIC |
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An ionic bond involves AN ATTRACTION BETWEEN... |
Ions of opposite charge |
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D |
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WHAT TYPE OF BOND JOINS THE CARBON ATOM TO EACH OF THE HYDROGEN ATOMS? |
SINGLE (NONPOLAR) COVALENT |
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Functional group of ALCOHOL |
OH..... HYDROXYL |
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Chemical property of alcohols |
Highly polar Weak acid |
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Functional group of carboxylic acid |
COOH.... Carboxyl |
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Chemical property of carboxylic acid |
Acid |
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Functional group of aldehyde |
C=O Carbonyl |
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Chemical property of aldehyde |
Structural isomer of a ketone |
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Functional group for thiol |
SH SULFHYDRYL |
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Chemical property of thiol |
Forms disulfide bonds |
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Functional group of amine |
NH2 Amine, amino |
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Chemical property of amine |
Base |
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Functional group of organic phosphate |
PO4 Organic phosphate |
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Chemical property of organic phosphate |
Contributes negative charge |
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What 3 atoms do simple sugars contain? |
Carbon, Oxygen, & Hydrogen atoms |
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Do all carbs have the same formula? |
NOOOOO simple sugars all have formula Cn (H2O)n Complex sugars don't have this formula |
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Is LACTOSE a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide? |
DISACCHARIDE CAN BE SPLIT INTO 2 MONOSACCHARIDES |
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Can a monosaccharide be hydrolyzed any further? |
NOPE |
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Why are carbs called carbohydrates? |
Simple sugar = equally carbon & water Any sugar now called carbohydrate |
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___________ structure is the sequence of amino acids in a protein. |
PRIMARY |
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______________ structure is the result if 2+ protein subunits joined to firm one bug active protein complex. |
QUATERNARY |
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________ structure is achieved when a protein folds into a compact, 3D shape, stabilized by interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids |
TERTIARY |
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___________ structure describes the alpha- helixes & beta- sheets that are formed by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms located near each other in the polypeptide chain. |
SECONDARY |
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What makes an R group acidic? |
IF IT HAS -COOH |
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What makes an R group basic? |
Has amino group -NH2 attracts H+ to form -NH3 |
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What makes an R group neutral polar? |
CONTAINS HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM SUCH AS OXYGEN, NITROGEN, OR SULFUR |
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What makes an R group neutral nonpolar? |
Contains mostly Carbon & Hydrogen May also contain N or S |
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IN A DNA SEQUENCE, __&__ ALWAYS PAIR W/ EACH OTHER, AND ___&___ ALWAYS PAIR W/ EACHOTHER |
Purine adenine & pyrimidine thymine Purine guanine & pyrimidine cytosine |
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:) |
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:) |
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Does purine have 1 or 2 rings? |
2!!! Pyrimidine has 1!! |
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What are some components of a DNA molecule? |
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine |
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The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of___________ in the molecules. |
CARBON!!! |
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How can you tell if a vitamin is water/fat soluble? |
FAT SOLUBLE = LESS THAN 2 POLAR/CHARGED FUNCTIONAL GROUPS WATER SOLUBLE= 2+ POLAR/CHARGED GROUPS |
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____________ is involved in formation of hydroxy proline & hydroxy lysine, which are important amino acids and part of collagen that forms connective tissues |
VITAMIN C |
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THE ___________-SOLUBLE VITAMINS ARE NOT INVOLVED AS COENZYMES. |
FAT |
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_________ is absorbed in the form of carotene. Vitamin accumulates in eyes, helps vision |
VITAMIN A |
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_______ is a vitamin that is used in reactions that transfer single- carbon units. |
FOLIC ACID |
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The ___________- soluble vitamins act as coenzymes in body. Used over & over again by different enzymes. |
WATER |
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A fat molecule is composed of 2 types of smaller molecules, including only 1 molecule of_________. |
GLYCEROL |
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A fat molecule includes one, two, or three ___________ molecules. |
FATTY ACID |
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A fat molecule with only one fatty acid is called a __________. |
monoglyceride |
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A fat molecule with 3 fatty acids is called a _______. |
Triacylglycerol Or TRIGLYCERIDE |
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A fatty acid includes a carboxyl group (-COOH) at once weeks as well as a long ___________ chain. |
HYDROCARBON |
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The hydrogen chains found in fats store a lot of energy. They also make fats ________, or insoluble in water |
HYDROPHOBIC |
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TO SURVIVE, ALL ANIMALS MUST______________________. |
Balance consumption of food with use & storage of nutrients |
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The essential nutrients for proper human nutrition include....... |
Calcium, sodium, potassium, & other minerals |
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Can minerals be synthesized in the body? |
NOOOOO |
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WHEN DIGESTED, PROTEINS ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO ___________. |
Amino acids |
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WHEN DIGESTED, FATS ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO___________. |
Glycerol & fatty acids |
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STARCH IS A TYPE OF _____________. |
Polysaccharide |
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YOUR SMALL INTESTINE CAN ABSORB ___________ WITHOUT THEIR BEING FURTHER DIGESTED. |
Fructose |
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FRUCTOSE IS A ___________SACCHARIDE |
Monosaccharide |
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Which enzyme begins the breakdown of STARCH? |
AMYLASE IN SALIVA |
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STARCH CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO THE DISACCHARIDE KNOWN AS_______________. |
Maltose |
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Protein digestion begins in the_______. |
Stomach |
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What is the main component of gastric juice? |
WATER |
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BILE is secreted by the ________ & acts to emulsify _______ in the ________. |
LIVER, FATS, SMALL INTESTINE |
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WHAT ACID IS RESPONSIBLE FOR STOMACH ACIDITY? |
Hydrochloric acid |
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SECRETIN STIMULATES THE ________ TO SECRETE _________. |
PANCREAS, BICARBONATE |
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CHOLECYSTOKININ (CKK) STIMULATES THE _ _ _ _ _ _ TO SECRETE _ _ _ _ _ _ _. |
PANCREAS, PANCREATIC ENZYMES |
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THE ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH CONTENTS TRIGGERS THE SMALL INTESTINE TO SECRETE A HORMONE CALLED ___________. |
SECRETIN |
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THE PRESENCE OF FATTY ACIDS AND AMINO ACIDS IN THE CHYME FROM THE STOMACH TRIGGERS THE SMALL INTESTINE TO SECRETE A HORMONE CALLED __________. |
CHOLECYSTOKININ (CKK) |
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BILE IS PRODUCED BY THE _______ & STORED BY THE ________ UNTIL IT IS SECRETED INTO THE SMALL INTESTINE. |
LIVER, GALLBLADDER |
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WHICH STRUCTURE IS NOT PART OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL? -esophogus -salivary glands -mouth -stomach |
SALIVARY GLANDS |
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WHICH PROCESS IS NOT REQUIRED FOR AN ANIMAL TO RETAIN ENERGY FROM FOOD? Secretion, excretion, ingestion, digestion |
EXCRETION |
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T/F? One advantage of having a tube-like digestive tract is that digestion of all compounds can take place simultaneously down the tract. |
FALSE. |
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T/F? THE LIVER IS A COMPONENT OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. |
FALSE |
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T/F? THE LIVER IS A COMPONENT OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. |
FALSE |
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PROTEINS THAT ARE CONSUMED IN THE DIET ARE ABSORBED AS INDIVIDUAL __________ FOLLOWING DIGESTION |
Amino acids |
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WHERE DOES CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION BEGIN? |
In the mouth, with salivary AMYLASE |
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WHERE DOES FREE FATTY ACID ABSORBTION OCCUR? |
Small intestine |
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What causes fat digestion to be complete? |
Pancreatic lipases finalize fat digestion in small intestine |
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WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL SEQUENCE IN WHICH FOOD IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PASS THROUGH? |
Pharynx, esophogus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
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FOR INGESTED (EATEN) FOODS, THE FIRST OPPORTUNITY FOR ENZYMATIC DIGESTION OCCURS IN THE _____________ . |
MOUTH! |
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The lower esophogus sphincter surrounds the upper opening of __________. |
The stomach |
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If the lower esophogus sphincter failed to properly constrict, what would happen? |
REGURGITATION OF ACIDIC STOMACH CONTENTS INTO THE ESOPHOGUS, COMMONLY CALLED "HEARTBURN". |
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The trachea & esophogus both connect to _______________. |
The pharynx! |
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FAT DIGESTION YIELDS FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL PROTEIN DIGESTION YIELDS AMINO ACIDS BOTH DIGESTIVE PROCESSES________. |
Add an h2o molecule to break bonds |
