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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Humans need the musculoskeletal system because
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1.) For support; to stand erect
2.) For movement 3.) To encase and Protect 4.) Produce the RBC's 5.) Reservoir for storage of essential (ex. CA & phosphorus) |
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Name the 2 types of joints
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Synovial and Nonsynovial
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Define Nonsynovial joints
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The bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable (skull sutures)or only slightly movable (vertebrae)
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Define Synovial joints
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Synovial joints are fewwly movalbe because they have bones that are separated from each other and are enclosed in a joing cavity
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Describe the joint cavity in a synovial joint. (PART A)
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This cavity is filled with a lubricant, or synovial fluid, just like grease on gears, synovial fluid allows sliding of opposing surfaces, and this sliding permits movement. (PART A)
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Describe a synovial joint (PART B)
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In synovial joints, a layer of resilient cartilage covers the surface of opposing bones, the joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and is supported by ligaments
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Define cartilage
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Is avascular; it recieves nourishment from the synovial fluid that circulates during joing movement. It is very stable connective tissue with a slow cell turnover. It has tough, firm consistency, yet is flexible. This cartliage cushions the bones and gives a smooth surface to facilitate movement.s
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Define Ligament
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are fibrous bands running directly from on bone to another that strengthen the join and help preven movement in an undesirable direction.
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Muscles account for _________ to _________ of the body's weight.
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40 to 50%
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Define Flexion
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Bending a limb at a joint
Opposite=Extension |
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Define Extension
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Straigntening a limb at a joint
Opposite=Flexion |
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Define Abduction
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Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Opposite=Adduction |
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Define Adduction
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Moving a limb toward the midline of the body
Opposite=Abduction |
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Define Pronation
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Turning the forearm so that the palm is down
Opposite=Supination |
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Define Supination
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Turning the forearm so that the palm is upwards
Opposite=Pronation |
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Define Circumduction
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Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
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Define Inversion
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Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Opposite=Eversion |
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Define Eversion
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Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Opposite=Inversion |
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Define Rotation
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Moving the head around a central axis
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Define Protraction
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Moving the body part forward and parallel to the ground
Opposite=Retraction |
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Define Retraction
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Moving the body part backward and parallel to the ground
Opposite=Protraction |
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Define Elevation
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Raising a body part
Opposite=Depression |
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Define Depression
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Lowering a body part
Opposite=Elevation |
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Define TMJ
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Temporomadibular joint is the articualtion of the mandible and the temporal bone.
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Name the 3 motions of the TMJ
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1.) Hinge
2.) Gliding of Protrusion and Retraction 3.) Gliding of side to side |
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The spine is composed of _______ number of vertebrae
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33
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How many cervical vertebrae?
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7
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How many thoracic vertebrae?
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12
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How many lumbar vertebrae?
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5
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How many sacral vertebrae?
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5
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How many coccygeal vertebrae?
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3 to 4
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What are intervertebral discs?
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are elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitue 1/4th of the length of the column.
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The ____________ joint is the articulation of the humerous with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
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Glenohumeral
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What cultural differences are found in the frontal bone?
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Thicker in black\ males than in white males
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What cultural differences are found in the parietal occiput?
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Thicker in white males that in black males
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Define Ankylosis
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immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthiritis.
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Define Ataxia
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inability to perform coordinated movements
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Define Bursa
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inclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction.
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Define Ataxia
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inablility to perform coordinated movements
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Define crepitation
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dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone.
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Define Duputren's contracture
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Flexion contractures of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia
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Define Ganglion cyst
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round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on the dorsum of the wrist
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Define Hallux Valgus
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lateral or outward deviation of the great toe
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Define kyphosis
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outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine, hunchback
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Define ligament
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fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthen the joint
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Define nucleus poposus
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center of intervetebral discs
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Define Olecranon process
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bony progection of the ulna at the elbow
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Define Patella
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kneecap
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Define plantar
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surface of the foot
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Define rheumatoid arthritis
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chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue.
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Define sciatica
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nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot
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Define scoliosis
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s-shapped curvature of the thoracic spine
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Define talipes equinovarus
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clubfoot, congenital deformith of the foot in chich it is plantar flexed and inverted
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Define Torticollis
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wryneck, contraction the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck.
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Define genus valum
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knock knees
Genus valum Knees toGether G=G |
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Define Genu Varum
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bowlegged
genus vaRum Knee apaRt R=R |
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Firm non-tender nodules @ the olecranon bursa is S&S of
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rheumatoid arthritis
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Name the most distal joint of the finger
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Interphalangeal
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Name the most proximal joint of the finger
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Metacarpophalangeal
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S&S of rotator cuff lesions
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pain with muscle spasm during abduction, whereas flexion stays fairly normal
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Define Ortolani's sign
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a maneuver designed to diagnos congenital hip dislocation
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Positive Ortolani's sign
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Hip instability feels like a clunk as the had of the remur pops back into place
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Negative Ortolan's sign
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Normally when the knees are moved apart and down, there is a smooth feel with no sound.
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Define Allis' sign
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an assessment technique to diagnos congenital hip displacement
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Positive Allis' sign
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One knee is significantly lower than the other
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What is the bulge sign in reference to the knee
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the bulge sing occurs with very small amounts of effusion, 4 to 8 ml from fluid flowing across the joint.
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What is ballotment of the patella?
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This test is reliable when larger amounts of fluid are present. If there is fluid in the knee you willhear a tap as the patella bumps up on the femoral condyles.
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The musculoskeletal exam should proceed in what direction?
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head to toe
proximal to distal |