Ch 20 Pre Test

Front 1

An 82-year-old client complains of being "sick, old, and useless," and that people are "no good and don't care." The nurse recognizes that these statements at this age indicate negative resolution of which task, according to Erikson?

Back 1

Integrity versus despair

Front 2

According to Erikson, the indicators of positive resolution in the first and second developmental stages are, respectively:

Back 2

Learning to trust others and having self-control without losing self-esteem

Front 3

Erikson's development stages have levels of positive and negative resolutions. He believed that:

Back 3

Nurses can strengthen a client's positive resolution of a developmental task by providing the individual with appropriate opportunities and encouragement

Front 4

A 65-year-old man who recently retired from 40 years of work as an independent contractor is scheduled for a physical examination. The nurse should be concerned about which of the following comments?

Back 4

"Every day when I wake up, it's hard to find a reason to get out of bed."

Front 5

In which direction does growth and development occur from birth if it starts from the head and moves to the trunk, the legs, and the feet?

Back 5

Cephaolocaudal

Front 6

The parents of a 5-year-old are concerned that the child's physical growth is not as rapid as in previous years. Which of the following is the best guide for the nurse's explanation?

Back 6

Physical growth is slower during the preschool years than during infancy

Front 7

Which of the following best illustrates the first developmental task of old age according to Robert Peck?

Back 7

Upon retirement, individuals get involved in activities to replace rewards formerly obtained from work

Hint 7

Peck's first developmental task in old age is ego differentiation versus work-role preoccupation.

Front 8

According to Fowler, at what age and stage would an individual have an awareness of truth from a variety of viewpoints?

Back 8

After age 30, in the paradoxical-consolidative stage

Front 9

A client expresses fear over a complex, painful, sterile procedure, and asks that the minister be allowed to stay in the room and close by while it is being performed. The best nursing action would be to:

Back 9

Allow the minister to stay in the room, but providing sterile apparel

Front 10

Which of the following are principles of growth and development?

Back 10

Growth generally takes place during the first 20 years of life; Learning can help or hinder the maturational process; The pace of growth and development is uneven and unsteady; Men and women do not follow different patterns of growth and development

Front 11

The parents of a 5-month-old infant and a 3-year-old child ask the nurse about the sequence and timing of developmental milestones. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

Back 11

"The sequence of reaching each milestone should follow the same pattern but may be at a different rate."

Front 12

A child has reached his growth development by:

Back 12

Adolescence

Front 13

The theorist who believes that learning is basic to life and that people continue to learn throughout life is:

Back 13

Havighurst

Front 14

The person who is considered to be the "father of child development" is:

Back 14

Arnold Gesell

Front 15

The theorist(s) who state(s) one must complete one stage of development before going to the next stage is:

Back 15

Freud

Front 16

A school nurse is teaching high school students about sexually transmitted diseases and preganacy prevention in a health education course. According to Havighurst's age periods and developmental tasks, why is this the appropriate age to introduce this discussion?

Back 16

Adolescents are achieving new and more mature relations with their peers and are tyring to assert their independence

Front 17

A nurse decides that a review of which of the following theorists would be helpful before teaching a preschool class (4 and 5-year-olds) about how to brush their teeth?

Back 17

Erikson

Hint 17

According to Erikson, the environment is highly influential in development.

Front 18

Havighurst's developmental tasks for early adulthood include:

Back 18

Finding a mate and getting started in an occupation.

Front 19

Temperament is a factor of growth and development that:

Back 19

Can persist through the lifespan

Front 20

Temperament is the way individuals respond to their _____ and _____ enviroments.

Back 20

Internal, external

Front 21

_____, which is the way an individual responds to their external and internal environments, sets the stage for the interactive dynamics of growth and development.

Back 21

Temperament

Front 22

According to Kohlberg, at the conventional level of moral development individuals:

Back 22

Are concerned about conformity and loyalty to their own and society's expectations

Front 23

While caring for a pregnant adolescent, the nurse noted that the client stated that abortion was wrong so she decided to continue her pregnancy. What does the adolescent's comment reflect based on the nurse's knowledge of moral theories?

Back 23

Morals

Front 24

A client is hesitant to have needed surgery because of multiple family, social, and church obligations, saying, "I hate to let everybody down." The nurse recognizes that this client's moral dilemma is a result of the client operating at which level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Back 24

Conventional

Hint 24

Characterized by the valuing of conformity and loyalty and maintaining expectations of family, groups, and society.

Front 25

Which of the following scenarios best describes Piaget's concept of assimilation?

Back 25

When young children encounter new situations, they use the mechanisms they already possess to acquire knowledge

Front 26

The nurse prepares to give an antibiotic injection to a 3-year-old toddler who has an infection. When the toddler views the nurse with a needle the toddler begins to cry and say "no-no" while reaching for the toddler's mother. According to Piaget's phases of cognitive development, what stage/phase is the toddler experiencing?

Back 26

Preconceptual phase

Hint 26

Ages 2-4 years when toddlers associate words with objects and everything relates to "me."

Front 27

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a 9-year-old female client who is diabetic. According to Piaget, which actions would be appropriate?

Back 27

Teaching size of food portions and importance of timing snacks and meals

Front 28

A mother is frustrated because her 2 1/2-year-old is not toilet trained and will not use the potty when placed on it. What suggestions by the nurse is most appropriate?

Back 28

Make up a game to encourage the child to want to use the potty

Front 29

Rank Freud's five stages of development in consecutive order.

Back 29

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Front 30

Freud believes that if a client does not progress from one stage to another in order, the client:

Back 30

Becomes fixated on the stage

Front 31

A child comes to school malnourished, not dressed appropriately for the weather, and is quiet during classes. The child is probably influenced by what factor of growth and development?

Back 31

Environment

Front 32

When a nurse works with a child, the nurse knows that the growth and development of that child are influenced by many factors. These factors are:

Back 32

Interrelated processes

Front 33

The major constant in a client's life is:

Back 33

Family

Front 34

While caring for a 72-year-old client, the nurse perceives the client is depressed when the client states that he feels like he is "falling apart now." According to Robert Peck's theory regarding adult development, what task is the client struggling with?

Back 34

Body transendence versus body preoccupation

Front 35

The nurse is exploring activities that would enhance an older client's retirement per the client's request. Which theorist would explain this type of adult development?

Back 35

Peck

Front 36

A nurse who works in a long-term care facility notices that the elderly clients seem depressed and have little interest in life. The clients spend their days watching television. When the clients attend crafts, the clients are disinterested in drawing pictures of coloring. Based on these observations, and guided by Peck's theory on older adult development, the nurse determines that:

Back 36

Activities such as gardening and baking may be indicated for these clients

Front 37

According to Erikson, the indicators of positive resolution in the fourth stage of industry.

Back 37

Beginning to create and develop competence (learning to trust others and beginning to create and devlelop competence) and acquire perseverance (developing a sense of perseverance and commitment to relationships)

Front 38

According to Erikson, the indicators of the fifth developmental stage:

Back 38

Having a coherent sense of self

Front 39

According to Erikson, the indicators of the sixth stage of intimacy:

Back 39

Developing a sense of commitment to relationships

Front 40

Peck's second developmental task in old age.

Back 40

Body transcendence versus body preoccupation

Hint 40

INvolves individuals adjusting to their decreasing physical stamina by slowing down

Front 41

Peck's third developmental task in old age.

Back 41

Ego transcendece versus ego preoccupation

Hint 41

Accept death without fear

Front 42

Fowler's _____ _____ stage in which the individual constructs one's own spiritual explicit system.

Back 42

Individuating-reflexive stage

Front 43

The adolescent or adult has an interpersonal focus

Back 43

Synthetic-conventional stage

Front 44

The child 4 - 6 years of age combines beliefs given by others with the child's own experience and imagination.

Back 44

Intuitive-projective stage

Front 45

Havighurst's developing intellectual skills for civic competence and achieveing emotional independence from parents are tasks for the _____.

Back 45

Adolescent

Front 46

Havighurst's achieving social and civic responsibility and developing adult leisure-time activities are tasks in _____ _____.

Back 46

Middle adulthood

Front 47

Kohlberg's level when individuals make an effort to decide on the right course of action based on principles without regard to expectactions of others.

Back 47

Postconventional

Front 48

Kohlberg's level that individuals are responsive to clutural rules and labels of good or bad

Back 48

Preconventional

Front 49

Piaget's concept when young children mature sufficiently and are able to solve problems that they were previously incapable of solving

Back 49

Accommodation

Front 50

Piaget's concept when one has the ability to handle environmental demands.

Back 50

Adaptation/Coping behavior