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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
This is anything that takes up space and has mass.
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Matter (independent of gravity)
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p.27
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What is the difference between mass and weight?
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Mass is the amount of matter in an object and weight is how strongly that mass is being pulled by gravity.
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What is a pure substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions?
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Element
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What is a substance consisting of 2+ elements combined in a fixed ratio?
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Compound
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How many chemical elements does life require?
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25
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What subatomic particle is ignored when computing the total mass of an atom?
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Electrons are about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton.
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What are the 3 types of Intermolecular Bonds?
(b/w molecules) |
1. Dispersion
2. Dipole 3. H-bond |
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What 2 subatomic particles are almost identical in mass?
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Protons and neutrons
1.7x10-24 g |
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Rank the 3 Intermolecular Forces from strong to weak
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H-bond > Dipole > Dispersion
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What is the number of protons unique to each element?
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Atomic Number
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What must be balanced for an atom to have a neutral electrical charge?
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Protons (+) and electrons (-)
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What does the group number of an element represent?
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The number of valence electrons.
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What is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom?
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Mass Number
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What is the total mass of an atom, usually represented as a close approximation of the mass number?
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Atomic Weight
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What is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons?
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Isotope
Isotopes with more neutrons weigh more. |
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What is the most common Isotope?
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Carbon 12 represents 99% of all the C in nature.
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What are the 2 types of Isotopes?
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1. Stable
2. Radioactive |
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What nuclei do not lose particles?
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Stable Isotope
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What nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy?
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Radioactive Isotope
Eventually the decay changes the # of protons and therefore the element also changes |
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What is the ability to do work?
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Energy
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What is the stored energy of matter due to position or location called?
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Potential Energy
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What is the fixed state of potential energy an electron has in an atom?
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Energy level or electron shell
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How does an electron change its shell?
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By absorbing/losing an amount of energy equal to the difference in P.E. between an old and new shell.
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What does an electron do to move to a shell farther out?
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Absorb energy
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What does an electron do to move to a shell closer to the nucleus?
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Release energy
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What are the columns and rows called on a Periodic Table of Elements?
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Columns: Groups/Families
Rows: Periods/Series |
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What are the number of electrons in an atom's outermost shell called?
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Valence Electron/Valence Shell
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Atoms that have similar chemical properties have the same # of _______
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Valence Electrons
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Which bond enables 2 atoms to share a pair of valence electrons?
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Covalent Bonds
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What term describes 2+ atoms held together by covalent bonds?
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Molecule
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What describes a combination of 2+ different elements?
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Compound
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What is the degree of attraction between 2 elements?
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Electronegativity
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Which bond shares electrons equally?
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond
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What is a bond where electrons are not shared equally; hence one atom is more electronegative than another = stronger pull?
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Polar Covalent Bond
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_____ bonds are between non-metals; whilst _____ bonds are between metal and non-metals.
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Covalent; Ionic
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What is a positively charged ion called?
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Cation
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What is a negatively charged ion called?
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Anion
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Which bond describes the attraction between an anion (non-metal) and cation (metal/salt)?
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Ionic Bond
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Which bond transfers electrons from the least electronegative to the most electronegative?
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Ionic Bond
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What is the strongest kind of bond?
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Covalent
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Covalent
Hydrogen Ionic |
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What bond is described by an H atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom that is also attracted to another electronegative atom (O,N, or F )?
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Hydrogen Bond (H-bond)
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What is a polar molecule with one end more negative and the other more positive called?
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Dipole
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What is the attraction between 2 polar molecules where the negative end of one molecule is attracted to the positive end of another molecule?
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Dipole intermolecular force
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What occurs between 2 nonpolar molecules that have a temporary positive and negative end and causes one molecule to be attracted to another molecule of an opposite charge?
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Dispersion intermolecular force
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What makes and breaks chemical bonds?
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Chemical reactions
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What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis?
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6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
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At what point is Chemical Equilibrium reached?
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When reactions no longer have a net effect on the concentrations of reactants and products.
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What 4 elements make approx. 96% of all living matter?
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C,H,O,N
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When is a covalent bond nonpolar?
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When both atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative.
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A molecule's biological function is related to its _________.
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Shape
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