Ch 2 Review Question 3

Front 1

71. Strict herbivorous mammals have distinctive jaws and two main kinds of teeth. What are they?

Back 1

Cutting (incisors) & Grinding (molars)

Front 2

72. What is the interesting, and slightly disgusting, method that rabbits use to acquire the maximum amount of nutrition from the grass they eat?

Back 2

After initial digestion, rabbits will eliminate food wastes as spherical fecal pellets. These rabbit droppings are moist, allowing resident bacteria to continue their cellulose-ripping operations while outside the rabbit’s body. After a time, rabbits reingest the softer droppings, giving the rabbit’s digestive system a second chance to extract the newly-liberated sugars, vitamins and minerals from their abundant but stubborn food.

Front 3

73. For strict herbivores, acquiring food is easy, but_____ food is hard.

Back 3

digesting

Front 4

74. For strict carnivores, digesting food is easy, but ______ food is hard.

Back 4

acquiring

Front 5

75. Not all spiders are web builders. What other techniques do spider use for acquiring prey?

Back 5

prowl their surroundings in search of prey to attack and eat.

Front 6

76. Since spiders have no teeth, how do they get nutrition from the animals they kill?

Back 6

They use digestion chemistry to turn the prey’s solid body parts into liquid body parts – then suck it up and drink the food.

Front 7

77. Give a couple of examples of carnivorous insects.

Back 7

Dragonfly

The praying mantis

Front 8

78. In terms of mouth parts, how are insects different from spiders?

Back 8

Sideways-mounted mashing mouth parts (Mandibles)

Front 9

79. How do Army ants and Driver ants forage for food?

Back 9

These ants rarely build nests and occasionally engage in raids. The raids are mass attacks that target a limited area, and kill every animal that fails to escape.

Front 10

80. Give a couple of examples of amphibians.

Back 10

Frog

Toads

Salamanders

Front 11

81. Give a couple of examples of reptiles.

Back 11

Alligators

Snakes

Front 12

82. What is the favored technique used by most reptiles in capturing prey?

Back 12

lie and wait for prey candidates to approach

Front 13

83. What are the main applications of reptilian teeth?

Back 13

holding on to prey, but not very useful in chewing the food

Front 14

84. Why do reptiles tend to swallow their prey whole?

Back 14

Reptile teeth are poor at performing cutting, shredding, and grinding operations.

Front 15

85. Bird carnivores express high diversity in anatomy, diet and hunting techniques. Give some examples of raptors.

Back 15

Eagles

Hawks

Falcons

Front 16

86. Give three examples of fish-eating birds.

Back 16

Pelicans

Terns

Kingfishers

Front 17

87. Robins, towhees and thrashers are carnivorous birds. What do they mainly eat?

Back 17

Insects

Caterpillars

Worms

Front 18

88. What technique of food management stands out regarding the shrike?

Back 18

impale its prey on cactus spines and other pointy objects available in its environment, including barbed wire. The impaled kill may sit for several days as a kind of dry storage before the shrike gets around to eating it… if ever.

Front 19

89. Three examples of strict carnivore mammals

Back 19

Cat

Anteaters

Most bats

Front 20

90. Why is the cat’s snout so short?

Back 20

Because they are useful in grabbing and controlling prey animals

Front 21

91. Describe the two main kinds of teeth in the cat jaw, and how are they used to process food?

Back 21

1) Large and pointy canine teeth at the front of the mouth for grabbing and controlling prey animals.

2) Three jagged premolars and molars. sharpened and angular for shredding the flesh of captured prey.

Front 22

92. What is an omnivore? Give six examples.

Back 22

Everything eaters

Dogs, Raccoons, Skunks, Rats, Bears, and Humans

Front 23

93. Omnivory is accompanied by a much reduced behavioral repertoire, or a very flexible behavioral repertoire?

Back 23

very flexible behavioral repertoire

Front 24

94. What kinds of food do omnivores eat?

Back 24

Plant material

Easy prey animals

Carrion (dead, decaying animals)

Digestive wastes left behind by other animals.

Front 25

95. How does an omnivorous diet affect an animal’s persistence as compared to being a strict carnivore?

Back 25

Omnivores are not dependent on animal flesh alone. They have alternative food choices.

Front 26

96. Compare the anatomies and tooth configurations of the dog’s skull, the cat’s skull and the deer’s skull. Relate differences to diet.

Back 26

Dog... At the front are cutting teeth (incisors), then grabbing teeth (canines), followed by shredding teeth (premolars) and grinding teeth (molars) at the back.

Cat... At the front of the mouth there are large and pointy canine teeth for grabbing, Behind the canine teeth are a just three jagged premolars and molars for shredding the flesh of captured prey.

Deer... sharp cutting teeth (incisors), a long row of massive grinding teeth (molars)

Front 27

97. Is the tooth configuration of humans more similar to mammals that are strict herbivores, strict carnivores, or omnivores? Why?

Back 27

Similar to Omnivores

Because the teeth arrangement in humans tends to work best with a main diet of nutritious plant material, like fruits, roots, seeds and nuts, but flesh also can be handled, with some effort.

Front 28

98. What are three examples of decomposers?

Back 28

Fungi consists of molds, yeasts and mushrooms

Front 29

99. How are fungi a little bit like plants and a little bit like animals?

Back 29

Fungi acquire food through a system of fine root-like filaments called, hyphae.

Front 30

100. What is “athlete’s foot?”

Back 30

Persistence of a sizable colony of harmful microorganisms.

Front 31

101. Our bodies are covered with decomposers. What are they “trying” to do to us?

Back 31

Trying to use you as a food source.

Front 32

102. Ecologically, what important operations do decomposers do in natural environments?

Back 32

Release it back into the environment as CO2, water and mineral salts.

Front 33

103. How is a food web different from a food chain?

Back 33

two-dimensional array composed of links and paths in many different directions to help us to understand the organization and influence of all the participants in nature.

Front 34

104. Be able to draw a simple food web.

Back 34

Page 24

Front 35

105. Considering a food web, what might happen if all the carnivores and omnivores were removed?

Back 35

The old “balance” is disrupted.