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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What ways can matter exist?
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SOLID, LIQUID, AND GAS
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What are the four major elements of the body?
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CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN AND NITROGEN C.H.O.N. |
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Units of matter are called ______________. A- Atoms B- Chemical elements C- Protons and neutrons D- All of the above |
A- ATOMS IT IS ALSO THE SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER |
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If an atom either gives up or gains an electron, it becomes an ________. A- Cation B- Ion C- Chemical element D- Molecule |
B- -ION
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An ion is an atom that has a positive or negative charge due to having _________ of protons and electrons. A- Positive correlation B- Negative correlation C- Equal number D- Unequal number |
C- UNEQUAL NUMBER
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When two or more toms share electrons, the resulting combination is called a __________. A- Molecule B- Compound C- Chemical element D- None of the above |
A- MOLECULE
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A ________ is substance that can be broken down into two or more different elements by ordinary chemical means. A- Molecule B- Compound C- Chemical element D- None of the above |
B- COMPOUND
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The likelihood that an atom will form a chemical bond with another atom depends on the: A- Valence electrons B- Octet Rule C- Number of total electrons D- All of the above |
D- ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Ions are forms when an atom: A- Loses an electron B- Gains a proton C- Loses or gains a valence electron D- None of the above |
C- LOSES OR GAINS A VALENCE ELECTRON
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______ are positively charged ions that have given up one or more electrons. A- Anions B- Cations C- Both A and B are correct D- None of the above |
B- CATIONS
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Anions are _________ charged ions that have picked up on or more electrons that another atom has lost. A- Positively B- Negatively C- Equally D- None of the above |
B- NEGATIVELY
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Ionic compounds exist as solids but some may dissociate into positive and negative ions in solutions becoming an _________. |
ELECTROLYTES
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_______________ are formed by the atoms of molecules sharing one, two, or three pairs of their valence electrons |
COVALENT BONDS
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What are the most common chemical bonds in the body?
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COVALENT BONDS
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In a __________, two other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) associate with a hydrogen atom.
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HYDROGEN BONDS
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Which is true about hydrogen bonds? A- They are weak and cannot bind atoms B- They provide strength and stability and determine dimensional shape C- They link neighboring water molecules D- All of the above |
D- ALL OF THE ABOVE
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An _____ is one in which the bond being broken has more energy than the one formed so that extra energy is released (usually as heat).
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EXRGONIC REACTION
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An ______ is just the opposite and thus requires energy, usually from a molecule called ATP, to form a bond, as in bonding amino acid molecules together to form protein's.
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ENDERGONIC REATION
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What are the three factors that influence chemical reaction? |
1- CONCENTRATION 2- TEMPERATURE 3- CATALYSTS |
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What kind of compounds usually lack carbon and are simple molecules? |
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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What is the most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems?
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WATER
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Water has _________, which is the uneven sharing of valence electrons that confer a partial negative charge nea he one oxygen atoms and two partial positive charges near two hydrogen atoms in the water molecule. |
POLARITY
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Hydrophobic VS Hydrophilic
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HYDROPHOBIC = SUBSTANCES THAT REPELL WATER HYDROPHILIC = SUBSTANCES THAT DISSOLVE IN WATER. |
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Describe the thermal properties of water.
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WATER HAS A HIGH HEAT COAPACITY AND A HIGH HEAT OF VAPORIZATION.
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_______ ionize, separate into ions, into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) and on or more anions (negative ions). A- Cations B- Acids C- Bases D- Salts |
B- ACIDS
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______ dissociate into one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) and one or more cations (positive ions). A- Cations B- Acids C- Bases D- Salts |
C- BASES
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When dissolved in water, a _______ dissociates into cations and anions. A- Cations B- Acids C- Bases D- Salts |
D- SALTS
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The function of a buffer system includes: A- Maintain s fairly constant pH B- Convert strong acids and bases into weak ones. C- Both A and B are correct D- None of the above |
C- BOTH A AND B ARE CORRECT
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pH values below 7 indicate _________ solutions.
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ACID ( [H+] > [OH-] ) |
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pH values above 7 indicate __________ solutions.
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BASIC ( [H+] < [OH-] ) |
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Name an important buffer system in the body.
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CARBONIC ACID-BICARBONATE ( CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3- ) |
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Which of these describe organic compounds? A- It does not dissociate easily in water B- Mostly or entirely held together by covalent bonds an tends to decompose easily C- Can react with one to several hundred other carbon atoms D- All of the above |
D- ALL OF THE ABOVE
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When two monomer join together, the reaction is usually _________. A- Dehydration synthesis B- Hydration synthesis C- Macromolecules D- Hydrolysis |
A- DEHYDRATION SYNTHSIS
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Macromolecules break down into monomers usually by _______________. A- Dehydration synthesis B- Hydration synthesis C- Macromolecules D- Hydrolysis |
D- HYDROLYSIS
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Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called ___. |
ISOMERS
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________ provide most of the energy needed for life and include sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose.
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CARBOHYDRATES
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Which is true about carbohydrates? A- Some carbs are converted to other substances to build structures & generate ATP B- They function as food reserves. C- For ever water molecule, there is a carbon D- All of the above |
D- ALL OF THE ABOVE
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_____ contain from three to seven Carmon atoms and include glucose ( C6H12O6 ). A- Hexose B- Monosaccharide C- Disaccharides D- Polysaccharides |
B- MONOSACHHARIDES
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_____ are the largest carbohydrates and may contain hundreds of monosaccharides. A- Glucose B- Monosaccharide C- Disaccharides D- Polysaccharides |
D- POLYSACCHARIDES
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_____ , a hexose, is the main energy-supplying compound of the body. A- Glucose B- Monosaccharide C- Disaccharides D- Polysaccharides |
A- GLUCOSE
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______ are formed from two monosaccharaides (glucose + glucose = maltose). A- Glucose B- Monosaccharide C- Disaccharides D- Polysaccharides |
C- DISACCHARIDES
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How are lipids similar to carbohydrates?
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THEY HAVE CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN. ( THEY GOT THE CHO ) AND THEY ARE INSOLUBLE INTO WATER. |
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How can fatty acids be saturated? How can fatty acids be unsaturated? |
FATTY ACIDS CAN BE SATURATED BY ONLY HAVING ONE SINGLE COVALENT BONDS. FATTY ACIDS CAN E UNSATURATED BY ONLY HAVIND ONE OR MORE DOUBLE COVALET BONDS. |
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What is true about triglycerides? A- It is the most plentiful lipid B- Provides protection, insulation & energy C- Provide more than 2x energy than carbohydrates or proteins. D- All of the above |
D- ALL OF THE ABOVE
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________ are important membrane components that are amphipathic. A- Steroids B- Phospholipids C- Proteins D- Carbohydrates |
B- PHOSPHOLIPIDS
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_______ include sex hormones and cholesterol. A- Steroids B- Phospholipids C- Proteins D- Carbohydrates |
A- STEROIDS
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________ give structure to the body, regulate processes, provide protections, help muscles to contract, transport substances and serve as enzymes. A- Steroids B- Phospholipids C- Proteins D- Carbohydrates |
C- PROTEINS |
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______ are constructed from combinations of amino acids. A- Steroids B- Phospholipids C- Proteins D- Carbohydrates |
C- PROTEINS
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What elements are included in amino acids?
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CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, AND NITROGEN ( CHON ) |
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Amino acids are lined together forming a bond called a _______.
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PEPTIDE BOND |
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________ are huge organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A- Nucleic acids B- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) C- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) D- None of the above |
A- NUCLEIC ACIDS
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__________ relays instructions from the genes in the cell's nucleus to guide each cell's assembly of amino acids into proteins by the ribosomes. A- Nucleic acids B- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) C- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) D- None of the above |
C- RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) |
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_________ forms the genetic cod inside each cell and thereby regulates most of the activities that take place in our cells throughout a lifetime. A- Nucleic acids B- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) C- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) D- None of the above |
B- DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
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The basic units of nucleic acids are ______.
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NUCLEOTIDES
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What are nucleotides composed of? A- A nitrogenous base B- A pentose and sugar C- A phosphate group D- All of the above |
D- ALL OF THE ABOVE
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________ is he principal energy-storing molecule in the body.
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ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
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ATP is manufactured from ______ and _______.
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ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHORUS
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________ can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water.
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ELECTROLYTES
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