Ch 2. Cell Processes And Energy Study Guide

Front 1

2.1 Photosynthesis

Back 1

The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

Front 2

Autotroph

Back 2

An organism that makes its own food

Front 3

Heterotroph

Back 3

An organism that does NOT make its own food

Front 4

Chlorophyll

Back 4

Main pigment for photosynthesis in chloroplasts. (green)

Front 5

How is the Sun an energy source for all living things?

Back 5

Through photosynthesis, plants use the suns energy and we then eat plants, also getting the suns energy

(indirectly=us directly=plants)

Front 6

What happens during photosynthesis?

Back 6

Plants absorb energy from the sun and use the energy to convert carbon dioxide, water, and sugars into oxygen

Front 7

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Back 7

In the leaves of the plant

Front 8

Summarize the process of photosynthesis

Back 8

1. sunlight is captured by the cells in the leaves and converted into energy,

2.carbon dioxide then moves into the plant creating a chemical reaction with the hydrogen that results in sugars such as glucose

3.oxygen gas is then released.

Front 9

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Back 9

Light/energy+Carbon Dioxide+Water--> Glucose+Oxygen

Front 10

2.2 What is cellular respiration?

Back 10

the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose

Front 11

Fermentation

Back 11

an energy releasing process that does not require oxygen

Front 12

What happens during cellular respiration?

Back 12

cells break down glucose and other molecules from food in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy

Front 13

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Back 13

first stage: cytoplasm

Second stage: mitochondria

Front 14

Why is oxygen important during cellular respiration?

Back 14

so molecules can be broken down even more

Front 15

What are 2 stages of cellular respiration (pg 52)

Back 15

stage one: In cytoplasm, glucose broken down releasing small amnt of energy

stage two: In mitochondria, molecules broken down more & produce water & large amnts of energy

Front 16

Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration

Back 16

Cellular Respiration Is the opposite process of Photosynthesis. Together they form a cycle to keep carbon and Oxygen levels in atmosphere constant

Front 17

What happens during fermentation?

Back 17

cells release energy from food without using oxygen

Front 18

Alcoholic & Lactic Fermentation

Back 18

Alcoholic: Produces alcohol, carbon dioxide, small amnt of energy, occurs in yeast

Lactic: When muscles lack oxygen; burning sensation occurs in muscles when builds up

Front 19

2.3 Cell cycle

Back 19

The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo

Front 20

Interphase

Back 20

1st stage; cell grows, copies DNA, prepares to divide into 2 cells

Front 21

Replication

Back 21

When a cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in its nucleus

Front 22

Chromosome

Back 22

Threadlike structures

Front 23

Mitosis

Back 23

2cd stage; cells nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei, One set of DNA distributed

Front 24

Cytokinesis

Back 24

Cell splits into 2 daughter cells

Front 25

What are the functions of cell division?

Back 25

Allows organisms to grow, repair, & reproduce

Front 26

What happens during the cell cycle?

Back 26

cell grows, prepares for division, divides into 2 new cells "Daughter cells"