Ch 18. History Retaking Europe

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required that men between the ages 21 and 30 register with local draft boards. Later, when the U.S. entered World War II, all men aged 18 to 45 were made liable for military service, and all men aged 18 to 65 were required to register.

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selective service act

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name the four freedoms

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Freedom of speech and expression
Freedom of every person to worship in his own way
Freedom from hunger
Freedom from fear

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government issue

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gi

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Federal agency headed by Former Supreme Court Justice James F. Byrnes that coordinated all government agencies involved in the war effort during World War II.

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Office of War Mobilization

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designed by Henry J. Kaiser
-cargo boats

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liberty ships

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a fixed amount of a commodity officially allowed to each person during a time of shortage, as in wartime

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rationing

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were vegetable, fruit and herb gardens planted at private residences in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom during World War I and World War II to reduce the pressure on the public food supply brought on by the war effort.

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victory garden

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are a type of savings bond used by combatant nations to help fund a war effort

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war bonds

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early axis dominance in the atlantic?

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britain and us struggled to control atlantic trade routes. merchants crossed the atlantic and u-boats would attack allies.

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early axis dominance in north africa

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rommel reinforced italian army-hitler sent 20,000 troops across the mediteranean sea.

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series of battles, a two-mile (3 km) wide gap in the Grand Dorsal chain of the Atlas Mountains in west central Tunisia.

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kasserine pass

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early axis dominance in the soviet union

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german troops invaded as a part of operation barbosa and gained control of substantial territory

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allies in north africa

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the allies won a victory at el alamein. 1943 the allies had the axis forces in North africa trapped..

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allies in italy

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mussolin was ousted after the allied invasion of sicily, the allies capture rome after fighting at the battle of anzio, the stuggle continued for many months.

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victory in france

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on d-day the allies stormed the beaches of Normandy, and some 2 months later they liberated paris

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victory in germany

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germans defended their conquest and homeland against the allies in the battle of the bulge.

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agreement between churchill and fdr in newfoundland about the goals and guidelines of the war

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atlantic charter

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technique in which large # of bombs were scattered over a large area

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carpet bombing

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code name for the allied invasion of France in June 6,1944.

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d-day

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d-day

operation ________

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operation overlord

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desparate but unsucessful counterattack by german forces defending their border

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battle of bulge

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He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname “The Desert Fox”
ater in command of the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion at Normandy.

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General Rommel

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He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, a major turning point in World War II, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. He was later a prominent commander in Italy and North-West Europe, where he was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord until after the Battle of Normandy.

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Bernard Law Montgomery

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invasion of soviet union

operation _________

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Operation Barbosa

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american troops in morocco and algeria.

under Eisenhower

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operation torch

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he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe, with responsibility for planning and supervising the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944-45.

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Eisenhower

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2nd key meeting between Fdr and Churchhill

to map out strategy for the rest of the ar

europe first then pacific

unconditional surrender

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casablanca conference

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invasion of sicily

operation _______

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operation husky

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deneutralizing laws passed in nazi germany. They used pseudoscientific basis for racial discrimination against jews.

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Nuremberg Laws

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"Night Of Broken Glass"
-name givent to the night of violence on Nov 9,1939 when Nazi storm trooper looted and destroyed Jewish homes,businesses and arrested jews

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Kristallnacht

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All but 1 of 32 nations refused to ease their immigration laws to deal with jewish refugees fleeing germany

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Evian Conference

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1942 Conference in Germany concerning the plan to murder European Jews

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Wannsee Conference

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a german camp created solely for the purpose of mass murder

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death camps

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under the command of eisenhower

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operation torch

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first meeting btwn fdr,churchill and stalin

agreed that an invasion across the english channel should come next

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teheran conference

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meeting of the big three
plan the final stages of the war

agree to divide germany and berlin

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yalta conference

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what 3 promises does stalin make

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1.allow free election in european countries.
2. promises to enter the war against japan within 3 months

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the germans were finally halted in their advance into the soviet union at_______

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the battle of stalingrad

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the battle of the bulge was ___

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the largest battle fought in western europe during WWII

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after world war 2 what organizaation was formed on the basis of the atlantic charter

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the united nations

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killing of approximately six million european jews

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holocaust

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murdered jews and political opponents in mass shootings

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Einsatzgruppent

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us forces in the philippines were under the command of _________

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Gen.Douglas Macarthur

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japanese violated ______

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Geneva Convention

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rules of prisoners of war

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Geneva Convention

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B-25 bombers took of from the deck of the Us.s Hornet led by ___

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Colonel James Doolittle

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1st ever battle fought btwn carried launched planes
-stalemate but it stopped the Japanese drive towards australia

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The Battle of the Coral Sea

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in the battle of midway the use broke ___ and were aware of the japanese strategy { }

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code


-Magic

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in the battle of midway the u.s fleet was commanded by ___________

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Admiral Enester NImitz

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which battle marked a major shift of power in the pacific?

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the battle of midway

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____________- us marines v.s japanese solideris
3/42-_/_

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operation shoestring

guadalcanal

2/43

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in the philippines in 9/44 marines took a _____

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Backseat

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both sides suffered heavy
casualties during the jungle fighting

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iwo jima

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the flag raising was a top at ______

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mt.sucabachi

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kamikazee attacks became a regularity

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okinawa

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a military strategy used during ww2 that involved the selectively attacking specific enemy held islands and by passing others

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island hopping campaign

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a set of international standards of conduct for treating prisoners of war,established in 1929

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geneva convention

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american general,was asked to serve as Jiang Jieshi's chief of justice. led the chinese amies defending burma

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Joe Stillwell

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broke the japanese code Jn-25 in time to lean crucial info before the attack began

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Joseph Rochefort[magic]

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suicide planes. were used in the battle of leyte gulf. pilots invaded their aircradt with bombs and delibaretly crashed them in enemy ships

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kamikazes

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supervised the building of atomic bomb,remembered the words of Bhagavad gita, the hindu holy book "Now i am become death,the destroyer of the world"

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Robert Oppenheimer

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dropped a single atomic bomb on hiroshima, a city in southern japan the and the site of a large army

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enola gay

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italian physicist,part of the manhattan project,he was the first to produce a controlled chain reaction in a lab.

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enrico fermi

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advisory group made up of military leaders,scientists,and government officials

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interim committee