Ch 17 Infection Prevention And Control In Hosp And Home

Front 1

Airborne infection isolation precautions

Back 1

Pt are placed in a private room, preferably one with negative air pressure and between 6 and 12 changes of air each hr. door to the isolation room should be kept closed except during necessary pt care encounters. Hospital workers should wear N95 respirator masks when in the room. If pt. transport outside the isolation room is necessary, the pt should wear an approved respirator

Front 2

contact precautions

Back 2

in addition to standard precautions, workers must wear gloves when entering the room for any reason and gowns if close pt contact is required, Masks and eye shields are required only if there is a potential for splash or splatter of body fluids onto the face. Stethoscopes and other noncritical patient care equipment should be dedicated to single-patient or patient-cohort use.

Front 3

convalescent

Back 3

One who is recovering from a disease or operation

Front 4

droplet precautions

Back 4

infection control techniques that decrease transmission of organisms larger than 5 µ that are generated when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spots, used in addition the standard precaution procedures.

Front 5

health care-associated infections

Back 5

infection acquired in a hospital, nursing home, or other health care setting. Pts in burn units and surgical intensive care units have the highest rates of nosocomial infections.

Front 6

human immunodeficiency virus

Back 6

retrovirus of the subfamily lentivirus that causes AIDS, most common type of HIV is HIV-1, identified in 1984. HIV-2, first discovered in West Africa in 1986, causes a loss of immune function and the subsequent development of opportunistic infections identical to those associated with HIV-1 infections.

Front 7

impervious

Back 7

Unable to be penetrated

Front 8

incubation period

Back 8

time a disease takes in running its course, or a stage of a disease

Front 9

infection prevention and control

Back 9

institutional procedures and policies for monitoring and attempting to control the transmission of communicable diseases, includes establishing mandatory sanitation, sterilization, hand hygiene, and isolation procedures

Front 10

isolation

Back 10

physical separation of those with certain infections (such as anthrax or tuberculosis) from other people to prevent or limit the transmission of disease. In contrast, quarantine applies to restriction on healthy contacts of an infectious agent.

Front 11

leukocytosis

Back 11

increase in the number of leukocytes (usually above 10,000/mm3) in the blood. It occurs most commonly in disease processes involving infection, inflammation, trauma, or stress, but it also can result occasionally from the use of some medications (e.g., corticosteroids).

Front 12

malaise

Back 12

subjective sense of discomfort, weakness, fatigue, or feeling rundown that may occur alone or accompany other symptoms and illnesses

Front 13

prodromal period

Back 13

time during which a disease process has begun but is not yet clinically manifest

Front 14

standard precautions

Back 14

Guidelines recommended by the cdc and Prevention to reduce the risk of the spread of infection in hospitals. These precautions apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes of all pts and are the primary strategy for successful nosocomial infection control.

Front 15

transmissions-based precautions

Back 15

Measures suggested by the cdc and Prevention to reduce the risk of airborne, droplet, and direct-contact transmission of infection in hospitals

Front 16

Airborne infection isolation

Back 16

techniques used in addition to standard precautions to decrease transmission of infectious agents less than 5 μ in size or those attached to dust particles. Airborne isolation techniques are used to prevent transmission of infections agents that remain viable while suspended in air, e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis or varicella virus.

Front 17

Hospital-acquired infections result from the

Back 17

exposure of debilitated patients to the drug-altered environment of the hospital, where indwelling urinary catheters, intravenous lines, and endotracheal tubes enter normally sterile body sites and allow microbes to penetrate and multiply.

Front 18

leukocytosis causes

Back 18

+ in one particular type of (WBC). neutrophils + in acute bacterial infections & inflammation, monocytes + in chronic infections, lymphocytes + in viral & chronic bacterial infections eosinophils + in allergic disorders, Leukemias often cause a huge + in circulating cells, owing to the unchecked reproduction of a single clone of malignant cells

Front 19

Stages of an infectious process

Back 19

1. Incubation Period
2. Prodromal Period
3. Period of Illness
4. Period of Decline
5. Period of Convalescence

Front 20

5 ways to decrease occurrence of HAI's

Back 20

1. hand hygiene
2. assess IV lines for infections
3. use aseptic tech. when suctioning airways
4. Keep urinary tubing clean and keep collection bag under bladder level
5. clean incontinent pts. promptly
6. maintain standard precautions +

Front 21

How are transmission-based precautions used with standard precautions

Back 21

standard precautions are the minimum and are always followed. transmission based are specific to the secretion like body fluids or tisses that might be infected

Front 22

airbone vs droplet precations

Back 22

I think airborne means all the air pt. breathing could be contaminated... reverse oxygen and masks are needed.. droplet means don't let em spray you...with droplets.. mask can be needed reverse o2 not as much

Front 23

special requirement for airborne infection when pt. has tuberculosis

Back 23

exhaust fan should maintain negative pressure in the booth with respect to adjacent areas, infectious patients to cover all coughs and sneezes with a tissue, thus containing most liquid drops and droplets before evaporation can occur, use of germicidal UV lamps, cleaning and sterilization

Front 24

infection control at home vs the hospital

Back 24

at home... in general less chance of a protected enviorment .. may be around pets or pathogens.. area might not be cleaned as much.. caregiver not as trained in precautions.. less chance for HAI.. greater chance for improper disposal

Front 25

4 rules of surgical asepsis

Back 25

1. know what is sterile
2. know what is not sterile
3. separate sterile from unsterile
4. remedy contamination immediately