Ch 16 Varieties Of Sexual Expression

Front 1

Sexual Expression: Normal or kinky?

Back 1

-what's normal is defined by value judgements

-low social tolerance for sexual diversity

-sexual continuum, not deviant vs. normal

-sexual behaviors come in and out of popularity

Front 2

Diagnosing Paraphilias

Back 2

-Unusual sexual behavior involving a craving for an erotic object

-DSM: nonhuman object or suffering of oneself or one's partner, child, or non-consenting person

-causes distress

Front 3

Characteristics of Paraphiliacs

Back 3

-no classic profile

-factors related to development include:

--gender

--growing up in dysfunctional family

--experiencing sexual abuse

--poor social skills

--distorted views of intimacy

Front 4

Paraphiliacs

Back 4

-motivations vary including:

--provides meaning and a sense of self

--relieves depression and loneliness

--allows expression of rage

-Consensual and non-consensual paraphilias

-those with a paraphilia usually have many

-paraphiliacs tend to compulsively masturbate

-research mostly clinical and incarcerated samples

Front 5

Where paraphilias begin: biological theories

Back 5

-physical conditions:

--temporal lobe epilepsy

--brain tumors and lesions

-Possible differences in brain structure and chemistry

Front 6

Psychoanalytic theories

Back 6

-related to Oedipal crisis and castration anxiety

--exhibitionists cope with castration anxiety by showing the power of their masculinity

-Boys must separate from their mothers

Front 7

Developmental theories

Back 7

John Money's Lovemaps: stimuli experienced during child sex play form a template that defines our ideal lover and sexual situation

Front 8

Behavioral theories

Back 8

behavior becomes associated with sexual pleasure through conditioning

Front 9

Sociological theories

Back 9

-women treated as sexual objects; it's natural to replace woman with another sexual object

-some men feel need to reinforce their masculinity by exposing themselves and evoking fear

-American society is saturated by media and we experience things vicariously, rather than experiencing things directly

Front 10

Fetishism

Back 10

-deriving sexual pleasure form inanimate objects or a nonsexual body part

--women's clothing, shoes

-Typically in men

- A fetishist needs the presence or fantasy of the item for arousal

Front 11

Sexual Sadism

Back 11

-deriving sexual pleasure form inflicting pain or humiliation on another person

-consenting or nonconsenting victims

-some seek sexual arousal through extreme brutality and torture

Front 12

Sexual masochism

Back 12

-sexual pleasure form humiliation or pain

-Masochistic acts of bondage and discipline

--bound with psychical restraints

--spanked, paddled, beaten

--whipped, cut

-very dangerous activity

-most deaths are accidental, not suicidal

-most are males who have history or risk taking behaviors

Front 13

Sexual masochism-psychological techniques

Back 13

-sensory deprivation- masks, ear plugs

-humiliation- verbal abuse, bootlicking, urolagnia, scatophagia, infantilism

Front 14

Sadomasochism

Back 14

-sexual activities of partners where one takes a dominant, master position and the other takes a submissive slave position

-scripted ritual with an exit phrase, not to truly hurt a person

-masochism allows a person to avoid responsibility or anxiety, explore power

Front 15

Dominatrix

Back 15

offers S&M services primarily to men with power

Front 16

Exhinitionism

Back 16

-sexual pleasure from exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting strangers

-most exhibitionists were originally voyeurs

-most common in men

--18-40 years old

--shy, passive, sexually inhibited

-fear or shock from the non-consenting victim is exciting

Front 17

Voyeurism

Back 17

-sexual pleasure from observing unsuspecting people undress or engage in sexual activities

-Scopophiliacs or peeping toms

--one who looks without knowledge pr consent of the viewed

--usually male

Front 18

Troilism

Back 18

-sex with multiple partners

--a single couple having sex in front of others

--Group sex

---14% of men and 8% women have engaged in group sex

---swinging

Front 19

Transvestic Fetishism

Back 19

-males who derive sexual pleasure from wearing women's clothing

-erotic attraction is to clothing worn

-desire is not to change hide biological gender, some feminize their appearance

-Masturbation to orgasm while in that clothing

-Cross dressing begins early, usually harmless

Front 20

Pedophilia

Back 20

-Sexual activity or fantasizing with a prepubescent child younger than 13

-Legal definition varies by society

-illegal in every country, though tolerance has varied throughout time and culture

-obsessive and predatory

-at least 16 and 5 yrs. older than victim

-many believe it will be viewed as natural and healthy one day

Front 21

Pedophilia-federal laws

Back 21

-an adult who has any sexual contact with a boy or girl under age 18 is guilty of child abuse

-possession of any sexual image of kids under age 18 is illegal

-Girls are more likely to be victims

--44% prefer only girls

--33% prefer only boys

--23% chose both

-chronic and more difficult to treat than other paraphilias

-Recidivism rate higher for men who are attracted to boys than girls

Front 22

Megan's Law

Back 22

-1996, federal law

-required for sex offenders to register upon their release into the community and the information be made public

-Mandatory for authorities to tell parents in a community when a convicted child molester moved into the neighborhood

Front 23

Frotteurism

Back 23

sexual pleasure from rubbing up against unsuspecting and unwilling victims

-typically occurs in crowded places

-perpetrator can escape quickly

Front 24

Toucheurism

Back 24

compulsive desire to rub strangers with one's hands

Front 25

Zoophilia/Bestiality

Back 25

-sexual contact with animals

-both practiced and condemned since earliest times

-male dog: most popular animal sex partner for men and women

-some common behaviors:

--masturbating the animal

--submitting to anal sex

--active or passive oral sex

Front 26

Necrophilia

Back 26

-sexual contact or fantasy with dead bodies

-found in ancient civilizations

Front 27

3 types of necrophilia

Back 27

-necrophiliac fantasy

-regular necrophilia: already dead-body

-necrophiliac homicide: commit murder to obtain corpse

Front 28

Erotophonophilia

Back 28

murder itself is exciting

Front 29

Assessing and Treating paraphilias

Back 29

-treatment is to change behavior

-to reduce symptoms, prevent relapse, increase victim empathy

-therapy:

--resolve childhood trauma or experience

--Increase self-esteem and social skills

-often combination of treatments used: group, individual, family therapy, medication, education, self-help groups