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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Name the types of partial seizures
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1. Simple
2. Complex 3. Secondarily generalized |
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What are the types of simple seizures?
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With motor symptoms
a. without jacksonian march b. with jacksonian march c. adversive seizure With special sensory or somatosensory symptoms |
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What is jacksonian march?
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jacksonian seizure - the seizure activity spreads in an orderly fashion to adjacent areas
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In simple seizures, where does the seizure activity take place?
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- with motor symptoms (with or without jacksonian march) in the primary motor area
- in adversive seizure, in the frontal lobe anterior to the primary motor area - with special sensory or somatosensory symptoms (focal sensory seizure), in the sensory cortex or postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe) with involvement of the primary motor area |
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Where do complex seizures take place?
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temporal lobe and its connections; frontal lobes
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Seizures may be precipitated by __glycemia, lack of sleep, __ventilation (respiratory alkalosis)
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Hypoglycemia, hyperventilation
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State of muscle contraction in which there's excessive muscle tone
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Tonic phase
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Name of a band
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State of muscle contraction in which there's excessive muscle tone
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Tonic phase
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Name of a band
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State of alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles
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Clonic phase
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Parkinson disease is a commonly occurring degenerative disorder of the __ __ (corpus striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra).
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basal ganglia
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Parkinson disease is a disorder which effects the __ nigrostriatal pathway.
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dopaminergic
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The onset of PD occurs after __ years of age, with mean onset of __ years of age.
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40
60 |
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__ incidence occurs in both sexes.
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Equal
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The hallmark pathologic features of Parkinson Disease are loss of ___ pigmented neurons in the __ __ pars compacta with __ deficiency.
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dopaminergic
substantia nigra dopaminergic |
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With PD, dopamine loss in other brain areas includes the __, __, and __.
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brainstem
thalamus cortex |
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Which motor pathway normally facilitates movement?
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direct motor pathway
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Which motor pathway normally inhibits movement?
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indirect motor pathway
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Degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway to the basal results in underactivity of the __ motor pathway, and overactivity of the __ motor loop. This results in inhibition of the __ cortex manifested with __ and __.
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direct
indirect motor bradykinesia rigidity |
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Molecular events thought to be associated with PD include __ dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal folding and accumulation of alpha-synuclein, abnormal phosphorylation, and dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteosome system.
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mitochondrial
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The classic motor manifestations of PD are __kinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, __akinesia (poverty of movement), and postural abnormalities. A modified __ and __ scale can be used to assess progression of symptoms.
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bradykinesia
hypokinesia Hoehn and Yahr scale - 0 - no visible disease - 5 - bilateral involvement; can't walk, wheelchair, cachexia |
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- This type of rigidity is constant throughout the entire range of motion and is felt as lead-pipe resistance during passive movement.
- This type of rigidity, brief palpable jerks, is accompanied by tremor |
Plastic
Cogwheel |
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This type of bradykinesia is poverty of associated and voluntary movements. It is the most prevalent and crippling symptom and often is overlooked in the early stages.
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Parkinsonian
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__ is a separate phenomenon from rigidity.
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Bradykinesia
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