Ch. 15 Key Terms

Front 1

1. Abnormal Behavior

Back 1

- Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time.

Front 2

2. Medical model

Back 2

- the view that psychological disorders are medical diseases with a biological origin.

Front 3

3. Vulnerability-stress hypothesis or diathesis- stress model

Back 3

- Theory suggesting that preexisting conditions (such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences) may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

Front 4

4. DSM-5

Back 4

- The fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; and major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

Front 5

5. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Back 5

- a common psychological disorder in which the individual exhibits one or more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Front 6

6. Anxiety disorders

Back 6

- disabling (uncontrollable and disruptive) psychological disorders that feature motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts.

Front 7

7. Generalized anxiety disorder

Back 7

- Anxiety disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety.

Front 8

8. Panic disorder

Back 8

- anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

Front 9

9. Specific phobia

Back 9

- Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences and irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.

Front 10

10. Obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD)

Back 10

- psychological disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation.

Front 11

11. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 11

- psychological disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a natural or an unnatural disaster.

Front 12

12. Depressive disorders

Back 12

- psychological disorders in which the individual suffers from depression- an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

Front 13

13. Major depressive disorder (MDD)

Back 13

- psychological disorder involving a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least 2 weeks.

Front 14

14. Bipolar disorder

Back 14

- psychological disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

Front 15

15. Dissociative disorders

Back 15

- Psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual’s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts.

Front 16

16. Dissociative amnesia

Back 16

- dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress.

Front 17

17. Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Back 17

- dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships; formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Front 18

18. Psychosis

Back 18

- psychological state in which a person’s perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality.

Front 19

19. Schizophrenia

Back 19

- severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes; individuals suffering from schizophrenia may be referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality.

Front 20

20. Hallucinations

Back 20

- Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli.

Front 21

21. Delusions

Back 21

- false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture.

Front 22

22. Thought disorder

Back 22

- the unusual, sometimes bizarre thought processes that are characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Front 23

23. Referential thinking

Back 23

- ascribing personal meaning to completely random events.

Front 24

24. Movement disorder

Back 24

- the unusual mannerisms, body movements, and facial expressions that are characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Front 25

25. Catatonia

Back 25

- state of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time.

Front 26

26. Flat affect

Back 26

- the display of little or no emotion- a common negative symptom of schizophrenia.

Front 27

27. Personality disorders

Back 27

- chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual’s personality.

Front 28

28. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Back 28

- Psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit.

Front 29

29. Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Back 29

- psychological disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.