Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Homeostatic regulation |
aimed at maintaining adequate blood flow to the brain and heart |
|
total blood flow |
at any level of the circulation is equal to the cardiac output |
|
heart pumps approximately |
7,000 liter of blood / day |
|
average heart size |
14cm long and 9 cm wide |
|
blood vessels |
are composed of layers of smooth muscle, elastic and fibrous connective tissue, and entothelium. |
|
vascular smooth muscle |
maintains a state of muscle tone |
|
walls of aorta and major arteries |
are both stiff and springy. This allows them to absorb energy and release it through elastic recoil |
|
metarterioles |
regulate blood flow through capillaries and allow WBC's to go directly from arterioles to the venous circulation |
|
capillaries and post capillary venules |
are the site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid |
|
veins |
hold more than half of the blood in the circulatory system |
|
veins |
have thinner walls with less elastic tissue than arteries, so they expand easily when they fill with blood. |
|
angiogenesis |
the process by which new blood vessels grow and develop, especially after birth |
|
differences between arterioles and metarterioles |
arterioles have continuous smooth muscle layer in their wall |
|
ventricles |
create high pressure that is the driving force for blood flow |
|
aorta and arteries |
they act as a pressure reservoir during ventricular relaxation |
|
arteries blood pressure |
blood pressure is highest |
|
blood pressure decreases |
decreases as blood flows through the circulatory system |
|
pulse |
pressure created by the ventricles can be felts as a |
|
pulse pressure |
= SBP - DBP |
|
one-way valves, resp and skeletal muscle pumps |
blood flow agains gravity in the veins is assisted by ____ and by the______& _______ |
|
arterial blood pressure |
is indicative of the driving pressure for blood flow. Usually measured with a sphygmomanometer. |
|
MAP (mean arterial pressure) |
it represents the driving pressure for blood flow. DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP). |
|
Korotkoff sounds |
blood squeezing through a compressed brachial artery sound |
|
arterial pressure |
a balance between cardiac output and the resistance to bllod flow offered by the arterioles (peripheral resistance) |
|
if blood volume increases or decreases |
blood pressure increases or decreases |
|
venous blood volume |
can be shifted to the arteries if the arterial blood pressure falls |
|
diffusion |
exchange of materials between blood and interstitial fluids |
|
About ____ liters of fluid filter out the capillaries each day |
3 liters |
|
The lymphatic system |
returns the fluid that was filtered by the capillaries to the ciculatory system. |
|
lymph capillaries |
accumulate fluid, interstitial proteins and particulate matter by bulk flow |
|
lymph flow |
depends on smooth muscle intra vessel walls, one-way valves and skeletal muscle pump |
|
edema |
the condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the interstitial space |
|
edema |
can be caused by inadequate lymph drainage, incrase capilllary pressure, obstruction of lymph nodes, heart failure |
|
edema |
factors that disrupt the normal balance between capillary filtration and absorption cause______ |
|
the reflex control of blood pressure resides in |
the medulla oblongata |
|
baroreceptors |
in the carotid artery and aorta _______ monitor arterial blood pressure |
|
cardiovascular control center |
efferent output from the medullary ___ ___ ____ goes to the heart and arterioles |
|
increased sympathetic activity |
increases heart rate and force of contraction |
|
increased parasympathetic activity |
slows down the heart rate |
|
vasoconstriction |
increased sympathetic discharge at the arterioles causes |
|
there is no significant _____ control of arterioles |
parasympathetic |
|
higher brain centers and from resp control center of medulla |
cardiovascular function can be modulated by input from |
|
cardiovascular disease |
the leading cause of death in the US |
|
atherosclerosis |
a condition in which fatty deposits called plaues develop in arteries. if plaques are unstable, they may block the arteries by triggering blood clots |
|
hypertension |
a significant risk factor fo rthe developement of cardiovascialr disease including arteriosclerioss d/t high pressure damages of the endothelial lining of the blood vessels |
|
myocardial infaction |
heart attack |