Ch 14

Front 1

are viruses that infect bacteria

Back 1

Bacteriophage (or phage)

Front 2

bacteria of opposite “sexes” physically contact one another and exchange genetic information

Back 2

Conjugation

Front 3

lactose interacts directly with repressor protein and that is what causes the repressor protein to leave the DNA operator site

Back 3

Inducible promoters (lac operon)

Front 4

Transcription is active on these genes unless there is an excess of tryptophan. Here the repressor protein will only bind to the DNA and block transcription IF it is bound to tryptophan

Back 4

Repressible promoters

Front 5

Acellular (not comprised of a true cell) particles that have nucleic acid (genetic material) and proteins

Back 5

Virus

Front 6

are viruses outside of a host cell which is comprised of a nucleic acid genome on the inside of a capsid of proteins

Back 6

Virion

Front 7

phages that are temperate viruses and do the lysogenic cycle of infection. The viral genome is incorporated into the host cell’s genome making a prophage. The viral genome can be removed from the host cell genome which causes the viral genome to become active and start the lytic cycle of infection.

Back 7

Lysogenic cycle

Front 8

phages that are virulent and do the lytic cycle of infection. The viral genome takes over the transcription and translation machinery of the host cell. The end result the cell bursts and releases many newly made virions.

Back 8

Lytic cycle

Front 9

DNA sequence immediately adjacent to the promoter in the operon

Back 9

Operator

Front 10

The 1st DNA sequence in an operon

Back 10

Promoter

Front 11

Is a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory protein

Back 11

Structural gene

Front 12

A surface appendage by which some bacteria adhere to one another during conjugation.

Back 12

Pilus

Front 13

infection by a phage

Back 13

Transduction

Front 14

cells take in DNA in the environment through the cell membrane

Back 14

Transformation

Front 15

Causing or capable of causing disease and death

Back 15

Virulent

Front 16

these organisms are single-cellular individuals that reproduce asexually & have no true nucleus

Back 16

Prokaryote

Front 17

refers to when and if the information in a gene is copied into
RNA and if that RNA (specifically in the case of mRNA) is translated into a protein.
If a gene is expressed then the end product of that gene is made

Back 17

Gene expression

Front 18

is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose. It consists of three adjacent structural genes, a promoter and an operator. The lac operon is regulated by several factors including the availability of glucose and of lactose.

Back 18

Lac operon

Front 19

Contains the structural genes for making tryptophan (an amino acid)

Back 19

Trp operon

Front 20

A repressor is a DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of one or more genes by decreasing the rate of transcription. This blocking of expression is called repression. Repressor proteins are coded for by regulator genes. Repressor proteins then attach to a DNA segment known as the operator. By binding to the operator, the repressor protein prevents the RNA polymerase from creating messenger RNA. If an inducer, a molecule that initiates the gene expression, is present, then it binds to the repressor protein and detaches from the operator. The RNA polymerase then can create the messenger RNA and allow the gene to be expressed.

Back 20

Repressor protein

Front 21

is only present on the DNA when glucose is absent and is bound to the promoter and this will recruit RNA polymerase which can transcribe the genes.

Back 21

CAP (activator protein)