Ch. 13 - Administering Mediations

Front 1

What are the "Five Rs" (Rights) of drug administration?

Back 1

1. Right patient

2. Right drug

3. Right dose

4. Right route

5. Right time (frequency)

Front 2

Effectiveness of medications depends on:

1. The ability to reach the site of action in appropriate _________________.

2. ________________ must be maintained for a prescribed length of time.

Back 2

1. concentration

2. concentration

Front 3

Movement of drug in/around the body:

4 ways drug is "moved"/ ways it is affected

Back 3

1. Absorption

2. Distribution

3. Metabolism

4. Elimination

Front 4

Absorption:

1. is movement from the _______________________ to the ___________.

2. Most direct & quickest method (route) is ________ because it requires ____ ______________.

Back 4

1. site of administration, bloodstream

2. IV - no absorption

Front 5

Absorption:

Rate of absorption depends on:

a. _________ ____________ to the area.

b. ________________ of the drug (how soluble it is)

Back 5

a. blood flow

b. formulation

Front 6

is IM faster or slower than SQ?

Back 6

FASTER

Front 7

DISTRIBUTION

1. Is the movement from the _____________ to the _______________ ____________.

2. Generally, the _________ blood supply, the more _______________ drug distribution.

Back 7

bloodstream

target tissue

-----------

less blood supply = more difficult

Front 8

DISTRIBUTION

Areas of difficult distribution include: (3)

Back 8

1. CNS

2. eye

3. prostate gland

Front 9

Medications used ____________ at the ______________ ___________ _________ require little distribution.

Ex: (3)

Back 9

1. directly

2. preferred target site

Example:

• topical
• eye ointment
• ear meds

Front 10

METABOLISM

___________________ (usually inactivation) of drug ____________ to elimination from the body.

Back 10

Alteration

prior to elimination

Front 11

What is the main organ of metabolism?

Back 11

liver

Front 12

What can affect the body's ability to metabolize drugs?

Back 12

liver dysfunction

Front 13

ELIMINATION

The ________________ filters out drugs and drug metabolites which are then eliminated in the ___________.

Back 13

kidney

urine

Front 14

Kidney dysfunction can compromise the body's ability to _____________ certain drugs.

Other methods of excreting drugs: (5)

Back 14

1. excreted into GI tract, eliminated in feces

2. exhaled from lungs

3. sweat

4. tears

5. milk

Front 15

Routes of Administration:

(7)

Back 15

1. oral

2. parenteral

3. rectal

4. inhalation

5. transdermal

6. topical

8. transmucosal

Front 16

DRUG FORMULATIONS

ORAL ROUTE

NAME 7 TYPES

Back 16

1. tablets

2. enteric tablets

3. capsules

4. solutions

5. suspensions

6. syrups

7. emulsions

Front 17

TABLETS

1. May be ____________, easily break into smaller pieces (halves or quarters)

2. often taste _______.

3. Correctly divided dose is not guaranteed unless tablet is _________.

Back 17

scored

bad

scored

Front 18

Enteric tablets are ____________ to protect it from _________ _____________ in order to either:

a) slow ___________

b) increase _____________

Back 18

coated, stomach acid

absorption

palatability

Front 19

Capsules may be ________ - ______________.

Solutions: drug is _______________ in liquid.

Suspensions must be ________ before using.

Syrups may contain:

Emulsions are oily substances in water and need to be ________ before use.

Back 19

time-released

dissolved

shaken

flavoring, sugar, alcohol

shaken

Front 20

PARENTERAL ROUTE

Given _____________ the intestine.

5 possible parenteral routes

Back 20

outside

IV

IM

SQ

ID (intradermal)

IP (intraperitoneal)

Front 21

Drugs given IV:

Have _________ absorption time.

Must be given ____________ to avoid ________ ________.

Drug must be in ___________, not ______________.

Back 21

no

slowly, speed shock

solution, not suspension

Front 22

Drugs given IM are generally more _______________ than other injections.

examples of IM locations. (2)

Back 22

painful

quadriceps, lumbodorsal muscles

Front 23

Drugs given SQ are generally ________ painful with a __________ absorption time.

Back 23

less

longer

Front 24

Drugs given ID (intradermal) are used primarily for ________ ___________ _____________.

Back 24

skin allergy testing

Front 25

Some drugs are given IP to ______ __________ patients when _____ route is not accessible.

Intraperitoneal means ______________ ___________.

Back 25

very small patients

IV

abdominal cavity

Front 26

RECTAL ROUTE

What injectable drug is sometimes given rectally if IV route is not available?

What other form of drug can be used rectally?

Back 26

Diazepam

suppositories (dissolve into rectal mucosa)

Front 27

INHALATION

Two types:

Which type is used in oxygenated gas anesthetics?

Which type adds drug and water particles to air or to O2 in breathing environment?

Back 27

1. nebulizer, vaporizer

2. vaporizer

3. nebulizer

Front 28

TRANSDERMAL

Two main types:

Back 28

1. ointments

2. patches

Front 29

Ointments:

1. some drug molecules can pass through intact skin into ________.

2. Do no touch with _________ ____________.

3. Greasy, ____________ in water.

4. Harder to remove than __________.

Back 29

1. bloodstream

2. bare hands

3. insoluble

4. creams

Front 30

Patches:

Are applied to the skin and release drug __________, providing _________ delivery.

Back 30

slowly, constant

Front 31

TOPICALS

5 types

Back 31

1. creams

2. powders

3. lotions

4. gels

5. sprays

Front 32

Creams can come in a non-_________ formula.

Are easily removed by ________, _________, ___________, etc.

Back 32

non-greasy

licking, rubbing, washing

Front 33

Powders - fine particles that should be applied to a _________ surface.

Lotions - water-based suspensions that _____________ and leave a film of drug in place.

Back 33

moist

evaporate

Front 34

Gels - are _______-based solutions.

Sprays - can be dispersed into ________, onto ________, etc.

Topical may be dropped into _______, _______, or rubbed into __________.

Back 34

water

nose, skin

eye, ears, skin

Front 35

TRANS-MUCOSAL

Parenteral formulations may be absorbed directly from the _________ __________ if injectable form given PO.

Use requires more study before being accepted for general use (_______-label.)

Back 35

oral mucosa

off-label