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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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law of segregation
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Mendelian principle explaining the disappearance of a specific trait in the F1 generation and its reappearence in the F2 generation
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homologous chromosomes
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paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
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homozygous
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having identical alleles for particular trait
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dipliod
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a cell with two copies of each type of chromosomes is considered to be a dipliod (2n) cell
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allele
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gene form for each variation fo a trait of an organism
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dihybrid cross
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fertilization between two organisms to study the inheritance of two different traits
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crossing over
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exchange of genetic material by non-sister chromatids during late prophaseI of meiois resulting in new combinations of alleles
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dominant
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visible; observable traits of an organism that masks a recessive form of the trait
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heterozygous
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having nonidentical alleles for a particular trait
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genetic recombination
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major source of genetic variation resulting from crossing over or random assortment
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egg
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female sex cell or gamete
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fertilization
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fusion of male and female gametes
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law of independent assortment
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Mendelian principle explaining that different traits are inherited in dependently if on different chromosomes
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gamete
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male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs
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genetics
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branch of biology that studies heredity
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genotype
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an organism's gene combination
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haploid
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a cell of an organism that has half the number(n) of chromosomes; one of each type of chromosomes that makes up the genotype
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heredity
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passing on of charateristics from parents offspring; first major studies were done by Gregor Mendel in the 1800s
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sexual reproduction
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reproductive pattern in which haploid gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote, which then develops by mitosis into a new organism
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sperm
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male sex cell or gamete
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zygote
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fertilzed egg; has a diploid (2n)number of chromosomes; develops into a multicellular organism by mitosis
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trait
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inherited characteristic in simple Mendelian inheritance can be either dominant or recessive
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recessive
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hidden trait of an organism that is masked by a dominant trait
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pollination
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in a flower the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
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phenotype
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outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
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meiosis
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cell division in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid(n)cells called sex cells or gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes as a body cell of a parent
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