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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what DNA stands for
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deoxyribonucleac acid
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nucleotide
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small molecules that make up DNA
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3 parts of a nucleotide
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1. nitrogen base
2.deoxyribose sugar 3. phosphate group |
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the physical appearence of DNA
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a twisted ladder called a double helix
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thepart of the nucleotide that make the "uprights" of the double helix
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sugar and phosphate
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the part of the nucleotide that make up the "rungs" of the double helix
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nitrogen bases
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the part of the nucleotide that the nitrogen base attaches to
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the deoxyribose sugar
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base pairing rules
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adnine = thymine
cytosine = guanine |
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how DNA copies itself
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mitosis
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steps of mitosis
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1. DNA untwists
2. hydrogen bonds break or ladder untwists 3. new nucleotides are added to both sides of the ladder 4. 2 identical ladders retwist |
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why and when DNA copies itself
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to make more body cells and before a cell divides
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what happens if DNA leaves the nucleas
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enzymes will destroy it
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what RNA stands for
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ribonucleic acid
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what the m in mRNA stands for.
what the t in tRNA stands for. |
m= messenger
t= transfer |
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where proteins are made in a cell
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in ribosomes
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how the DNA message gets to where proteins are made
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carried by RNA
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what proteins are made of and how they get to whare the proteins are being made
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amino acids and mRNA
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what happens during transcription and where it occurs
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DNA turns into mRNA
in the nucleas |
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what happens during translation and where it occurs
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mRNA turns into a protein
in a the ribosome |
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who came up with th double helix model of DNA
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watson and crick
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what is the genetic code and why is it universal?
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DNA and every living thing contains DNA
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why a mutation in an egg or sperm cell has different concenquences than a mutation in a heart cell
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the defective heart cell wond be passes on unlike the egg or sperm
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what is deletion mutation, subtitution mutation, and insertion mutation?
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deletion= deleates a letter in code
subtitution= subs with a different letter insertion= adds an extra letter |
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genetic engineering
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a process designed to artifically control the genetic make up of an organism
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transgenic organism
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plants or animals containing genes from unrelated organisms
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the job of restriction enzymes
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to cut a specific sequence of nucleotides
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what are "sticky ends"
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allows the GFP to be inserted into the plasmid
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The Human Genome Project
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map and sequences of your genes and put them in electronical bases
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codon
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3 mRNA bases calle a triplet
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anticodon
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on tRNA and has 3 nucleotides
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gene
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a segment of DNA that codes for a specific product
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mutaion
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an error in DNA
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