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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neurons |
basic cell of nervous system; excitable and convert stimulus into action potential |
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Neurogilia |
Support nerve cells by destroying pathogens, creating and supporting interstitial fluid matrix |
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Brain |
largest organ of the nervous system |
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Spinal Cord |
enclosed in the vertebral foramen; contains 100 million nerve cells |
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Nerves |
Bundle of nerve FIBERS (cells) located outside brain and spinal cord |
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Ganglia |
masses of nerve TISSUE located outside brain and spinal cord |
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Plexus |
network (tangles) of nerves located outside brain and spinal cord |
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sensory receptors |
monitor change in the internal and external environment |
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Central nervous system CNS |
brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral nervous system PNS |
cranial and spinal nerves |
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sensory Afferent |
towArd the CNS |
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sensory efferent |
from the CNS |
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Somatic Nervous system (SNS) |
receives impulses from head, body wall and senses. we respond voluntarily with Skeletal muscles |
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Autonomic Nervous system (ANS) |
impulses received from visceral organs. Motor impulses sent to glands, smooth muscle and cardiac tissue...Involuntary |
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Sympathetic Division of ANS |
fight or flight |
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Parasympathetic Division of ANS |
rest and relaxation |
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Enteric Nervous system |
surrounds intestines can function independently of ANS and SNS aka "Brain of the gut" |
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Sensory Functions |
Detect internal and external changes-Afferent-Dorsal |
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Integrative Functions |
determine appropriate response, store info for future responses, use cells called interneurons |
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Interneurons |
Axons travel a short distance and account for the majority of nerves in the body |
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Motor Function |
responds to sensory receptors using muscles or glands Motor-Efferent -Ventral |
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Nervous system response |
Quick response using action potentials localized effects |
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Cell body |
central part of the neuron |
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Dendrites |
short highly branched extensions conducts impulses away from the cell body |
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Axon |
single long extension of cell body; conducts impulses toward the cell body |
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Axon Hillock |
initial segment of axon where action potentials begin |
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Axon terminals |
highly branched fine processes located at the end of axon |
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Synaptic end bulbs
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flared swelling at end of axon terminal |
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synaptic vesicles |
tiny sacs in synaptic bulbs filled with neurontransmitters |
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Multipolar neuron |
several dendrites one axon MOST nerves of brain and spinal cord are this type |
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Bipolar Neurons |
one main dendrite, one axon found in eye, ear and olfactory areas of brain
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uniploar neuron |
divides into two branches |
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Astrocytes |
Star shaped cells Surround and support neurons in CNS to support and isolate them from harm. create blood brain barrier |
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Oligodendrites |
form multilayered lipid and myelin sheath around axons in the CNS |
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Microgilia |
protect cells by engulfing and destroying microbes;act as phagocytes |
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Ependymal |
produce cerebrospinal fluid |
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Schwann cells |
produce myelin sheath in PNS |
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Sattelite cells |
surround and support neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia |
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Nodes of Ranvier |
non insulated spots on myelin sheath. only areas for substances to eater and exit a myelinated axon |
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Continuous Conduction |
occur on unmyelated axons,signal spread slowly down the nerve |
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Saltaory Conduction |
Occur on Myelinated axon through voltage channels on Nodes of Ranvier, high speed |
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Speeds up action potentials |
Myelination, large diameter axon and warm temps. |
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synapse |
point of communication between and axon and another structure such as another axon, neuron or gland |
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electrical synapse |
action potentials transmitted through cell junctions allowing for speed and synchronization with multiple cells |
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Chemical synapse |
action potentials transmitted through the release of neurotransmitters |
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Excitatory Post synaptic Potential |
depolarize the post synaptic membrane making it less negative and closer to threshold; easier to excite |
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Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential |
hyperpolarize the post-synaptic membrane making it more negative and further from threshold; difficult to excite. |
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Spatial Summation |
several presynaptic neurons receiving stimulus at the same time like being hit all over |
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Temporal Summation |
single synaptic neuron stimulus applied in rapid succession. like being poking repetitively in one spot |
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Neurotransmitter |
variety of molecules within axon terminals that are released in the synaptic cleft in response to a nerve impulse. |
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Substance P |
released at synapse and blocks pain signals from reaching the brain, morphine, opiates |
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stimulants |
caffiene, nicotine |
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inhibitants |
Heavy metals like lead, mercury and arsenic, they demyelinate axons GABA-neurotransmitter |
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Parkinsons Disease |
Dopamine over stimulation disease |
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Excitatory substances |
acetylcholine, glutamate and aspartate |