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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
CNS function is mostly...
Integration and command
PNS function is mostly...
Communication
What are the special characteristics of neurons?
1. Conduction
2. Longevity
3. Not able to divide
4. High metabolic rate
The axon hillock...
...decides if there is an action potential or not. It is part of the soma, not axon.
Multipolar nuerons
Most common, mostly found in body (typical neuron picture).
Bipolar neurons
Rare. Special sensory organs like nose and eyes (cell body in the middle).
Unipolar neurons
Found in ganglia in the PNS (sensory!). Little blob sticking up. One branch is peripheral process (going to receptors) and the other is central process (going to CNS).
Reflex arc order
1. Receptor
2. Sensory neuron
3. Integration center
4. Motor neuron
5. Effector
Monosynaptic reflex
No interneuron, one synapse.
Polysynaptic reflex
Multiple interneurons, multiple synpases
CNS neuroglia (support cells)
Astrocytes, microglial, ependymal, oligodendrocytes
PNS neuroglia (support cells)
Schwann cells, satellite cells
Astrocytes
Most abundant, have many functions like blood brain barrier, maintain pH, regulate NTs, ect.
Microglial
Macrophages, least abundant, phagocytose invaders, derived from monocytes.
Ependymal cells
Line cavities where there is CSF, cilia helps circulate the fluid.
Satellite cells
Cover neuronal soma (cell bodies) in the PNS.
Schwann cells
Surround all axons in the PNS and form the myelin sheath.
Oligodendrocytes
Forms myelin sheaths around axons, reaches out to multiple
Neurilemma
Outer, nucleated, cytoplasmic layer of the Schwann cell, pushed to the outside when myelin rolls up.
Function of neurilemma
Forms a regeneration tube which acts as a tunnel that connects one end of a damaged axon to the other. Only in the PNS!
Ganglion
Cluster of soma in the PNS
Nucleus
Cluster of soma in the CNS
Nerve
Cluster of axons in the PNS
Tract
Cluster of axons in the CNS
Endoneurium
CT covering the neurilemma (myelin sheath and axon)
Perineurium
CT surrounding the fascicles
Epineurium
CT surrounding an entire nerve
Before an action potential there is more __ in the cell than ___.
Na, K.