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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the chemical composition of algal cell walls?
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cellulose, agar, carrageenan, silica, or calcium carbonate
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What is unique about algal diseases?
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Disease symptoms result from ingestion of algal neurotoxins. The algae are unable to replicate in the human body.
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What is a mechanical vector?
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A mechanical vector is an arachnid or insect that carries pathogens on its body.
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What are chemoheterotrophs?
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Organisms that obtain their carbon and energy from organic chemicals in other organisms, their host, or their environment.
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How do protozoa survive osmotic pressure?
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Dinoflagellates and radiolaria have shells of silica or cellulose. Other protozoa use contractile vacuoles.
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Which of these are common malaria prevention methods?
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bed nets, prophylactic drugs, spraying for mosquitos
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What is the function of hyphae?
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These elongated cells produce reproductive spores and take in nutrients from the environment.
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Which one of these fungi causes Valley Fever?
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Coccidiodes immitis
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Lichens are a parasitic symbiosis between fungi and which other eukaryotes?
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cyanobacteria or algae
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Algae provide humans with cell wall material for manufacturing, food, and also ___.
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Oxygen! |
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What are the structures of the Protozoa? |
1. Contractile Vacuoles 2. Cilia (for movement) 3. Flagella or pseudopodia 4. No CELL WALLS!! (except for dinoflagelletes and radiolarians) 5. Some make resistant structures called cysts. |
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What are similarities of Protozoa? |
All protozoa require water or moist environment to survive. |
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Protozoa Nutrition: |
Use 1of these methods or even both: -chemoheterotrophs -Photoautotrophs |
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What is a Chemoheterotroph? |
They get carbon and energy from their environment or other organic sources. (get carbs, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides) |
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What is a Photoautotroph? |
Get carbon from CO2 and energy from sunlight. |
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How do protozoa reproduce? |
-Asexual reproduction for most -Sexual reproduction occurs in a few such as Plasmodium which causes Malaria |
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Paramecium protozoa |
reproduce asexually or sexually. |
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What are Fungi? |
yeasts, molds, and mushrooms |
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Molds and Mushrooms structure: |
-They are multicellular -contain Hyphae (where the nutrients are absorbed) -Chitin (makes up the cell wall of Fungi) and cellulose cell walls -tolerate hypertonic and hypotonic environments |
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Yeasts Structure: |
-They are unicellular -form pseudohyphae as they bud |
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Fungal Nutrition: |
-Mosts yeasts use diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport to get nutrients. -Chemoheterotrophic -Pathogenic yeasts use specialized Hyphae called Haustoria to secrete digestive enzymes. -NEVER photosynthetic! |
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What are Lichens? |
Lichens are symbiotic relationships between an algae and a fungus or a cyanobacterium and a fungus. Becomes a lot more resistant! |
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Fungal reproduction: |
-yeasts duplicate chromosomes asexually using mitosis and then parent cell divides in half. -molds and mushrooms produce asexual or sexual spores. (used for identifying) |
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Saccharomyces Cerevisia: |
very beneficial yeast. |
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What is dimorphism? |
Pathogenic fungi grow like yeasts in one environment and grow like molds in a different environment. |
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what are Mycoses? |
when molds and fungi colonize body surfaces. Ex. athletes foot, Valley Fever, vaginal or oral candidas |
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What is mycelium? |
the vegetative part of fungi containing hyphae |