Ch. 12-14 Sociology Terms

Front 1

age structure

Back 1

population's balance of old and young people

Front 2

birth cohort

Back 2

set of people who were born durign the same era and who face similiar societal circumstancesbrought out by their shared position in the overall age structure of the population

Front 3

cohort effect

Back 3

phenomenon in which members of a cohort tend to experience a particular life course event of rite of passage-puberty, marriage, childbearing, graduation, entry into the workforce, death-at roughly the same time

Front 4

demographer

Back 4

sociologist who studies trends in population characteristics

Front 5

demographic transition

Back 5

stage of societal development in unindustrial countries marked by growing life expectancy and high birth rates; concept used to explain why populations in less developed countries grow faster than those in more developed countries

Front 6

migration

Back 6

the movement of populations from one geographic are to another

Front 7

period effect

Back 7

phenomenon in which a historical event or major social trend cotributes to the unique shape and outlook of birth cohort

Front 8

comparable worth (pay equity)

Back 8

Principle that women and men who perform jobs that are of equal value to society and that require equal training ought to be paid equally

Front 9

institutional sexism

Back 9

Subordination of women that is part of the everyday workings of economics, law politics, and other social institutions

Front 10

matriarchy

Back 10

Female-dominated society that gives higher prestige and value to women than to men

Front 11

objectification

Back 11

practice of treating peoples as objects

Front 12

patriarchy

Back 12

male-dominated society in which cultural beliefs and values give higher prestige and value to men than to women

Front 13

sexism

Back 13

sysem of beliefs that asserts the inferiority of one sex that justifies gender-based inequality

Front 14

anomie

Back 14

condition in which rapid change has disrupted society's ability to adequately regulate and control its members and the old rules that once governed people's life no longer seem to apply

Front 15

countermovement

Back 15

collective action designed to prevent or reverse changes sought or accomplished by an earlier social movement

Front 16

cultural diffusion

Back 16

process by which beliefs, technology, customs and other elements of culture spread from one group or society to another

Front 17

ideology

Back 17

coherent ssytem of beliefs values and ideas

Front 18

postindustrial society

Back 18

society in which knowledge, the control of information, and service industries are more important elements of the economy than agriculture or manufacturing and production

Front 19

reform movement

Back 19

collective action that seeks to change limited aspects of a society but does not seek to alter or replace major social institutions

Front 20

revolutionary movement

Back 20

collective action that attempts to overthrow an entire social system and replace it with another

Front 21

social movement

Back 21

continuous, large scale, organized collective action motivated by the desire to enact, stop, or reverse change in some area of society