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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meiosis |
acts to reduce the number of chromosomes per cell from two sets to one set (HALFING) |
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Fusing of male and female gametes to form zygote. |
Fertilization; doubles the number of chromosomes per cell from one set to two sets. |
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gametes |
male haploid cell (sperm) or female germ cell (ovum) |
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Cell with one set of chromosomes |
haploid (mnemonic: Happy One) |
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Cell with two sets of chromosomes |
diploid (mnemonic: Dip Two) |
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zygote |
The diploid (2n) cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes |
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Prophase II |
new spindle apparatus forms in 2 separate haploid cells |
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Metaphase II |
unpaired chromosomes line up along metaphase plate |
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Anaphase II |
sister chromatids separate and pulled to opposite ends of cell |
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Telophase II |
nuclear envelopes reform around 4 separate haploid nuclei |
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Mutations in what cell can be passed onto the next generation? |
germ-line cells |
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Nondisjunction |
failure of homologous chromosomes / sister chromatids to separate normal during nuclear division |
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Haploids are not found in this phase |
Prophase I |
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Centromeres divide in |
mitosis and meiosis II |
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Crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between |
non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes |
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alleles |
one or two alternate forms of a gene that arise by mutation and found at same place on chromosome |
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Crossing over increases variation in a population by |
producing offspring with combination of alleles that neither parent carried |
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Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in ___ of meiosis |
Metaphase I |
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At the end of Meiosis II, there's |
4 haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid |
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Meiosis differed from Mitosis |
synapsis, homologous recombination, reduction division. |
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Homologous chromosomes pair, cross over, and separate to form 2 daughter cells with ½ number of chromosomes compared to “parent cell.” |
Meiosis I |
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Homologous chromosomes pair, cross over, and separate to form 4 daughter cells (haploids) |
Meiosis II |
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Number of cells produced in Meiosis is |
twice that of those from Mitosis |
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Synapsis |
side by side alignment of homologous chromosomes |
