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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give some examples of GRAM NEGATIVE bacteria (Phyla, not genus/species) (5) |
-Proteobacetria -Cyanobacteria -Chlamydiae -Spirochaetes -Dinococcus-thermus |
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Give some examples (PHYLA) of Gram POSITIVE bacteria: |
-Firmicutes (LOW G & C) -Actinobacteria (HIGH G & C) |
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GRAM NEGATIVE: Phyla: Proteobacteria (Alpha) 6 |
1. Rickettsia 2. Ehrlichia 3. Bartonella 4 Brucella 5. Wolbachia 6. Bordetella |
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GRAM NEGATIVE: Phyla: Proteobacteria (Beta) - 1 |
1. Neisseria |
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GRAM NEGATIVE: Phyla: Proteobacteria (Gamma) |
1. Pseudomonales 2. Legionellales 3. Vibrionales 4. Enterobacteriales 5. Pasteurellales |
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GRAM NEGATIVE: Phyla: Proteobacteria (Epsilon) |
Helicobacter Campylobater |
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Rickettsia: |
-obligate intracellular parasites -cause spotted fevers (Rocky Mountain) -transmitted by insect and tick bites |
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Ehrlichia: |
-transmitted by ticks -cause ehrlichiosis |
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Bartonella: |
-Cat scratch fever -human pathogen |
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Brucella |
-obligate parasite of mammals -survives phagocytosis -causes brucellosis -caused by consumption of unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses made from the milk of infected animals, primarily goats |
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Wolbahia |
-Endosymbiont of insects -affects reproduction of insects -world's most common parasitic microbe! -infects filarial nematodes -causes: -Elephantiasis -heartworm |
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Bordetella |
-non-motile rods -B. pertussis: causes whooping cough |
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Neisseria |
-N. gonorrhoeae: cause of gonorrhoea -N. meningitidis: cause of meningococcal meningitis |
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Pseudomonales -Pseudomonas -Moraxella -Acinetobacter |
Pseudomonas: -opportunistic pathogen -**nosocomial infections -metabolically diverse -polar flagella; common in SOIL -P. aeruginosa: wound & urinary tract infections Moraxella -M. lacuna: causes conjunctivitis Acinetobacter -A. bumanii: respiratory pathogen -resistant to antibiotics |
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Legionellales
-Legionella -Coxiella |
Legionella: -Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers -Respiratory infection -similar to - but WORSE - than pneumonia |
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Vibrionales |
Found in aquatic habitats -V. cholerae causes cholera -V. parahaemolyticis causes gastroenteritis |
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Enterobacteriales |
-Commonly called "enterics" -Inhabit the intestinal tract -ferment carbohydrates -Facultative anaerobes -Peritrichous flagella (have flagella all over) |
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Enetrobacteriales
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-Escherichia -Salmonella -Shigella -Klebsiella -Serratia -Proteus -Yersinia -Enterobacter -Cronobacter -Pasteurella -Haemophilus |
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Escherichi |
E. coli -indicator of fecal contamination -causes food borne illness -causes urinary tract infection |
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Salmonella |
over 2400 serovars!! -common form of food borne illness -Salmonella type causes typhoid fever |
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Shigella |
causes bacillary dysentery |
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Klebsiella |
K. pneumonia causes pneumonia |
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Serratia |
-produces red pigment -common cause of nosocomial infection |
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Proteus |
-swarming, motility |
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Yersinia |
Y. pestis causes plague -transmitted by fleas |
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Enterobacter |
E. cloacae and E. aerogenes cause urinary tract infections & nosocomial infections |
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Cronobacter |
C. sakazakii causes meningitis -found in a variety of environments & foods |
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Pasteurella |
Pathogen of domestic animals -P. multocida is transmitted to humans through animal bites |
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Haemophilus |
Requires X Factor (heme) and V Factor (NAD+, NADP+) H. influenza causes meningitis, earaches, and epiglottitis |
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Gram NEG Espilonproteobacteria |
-helical or curved -microaerophilic -Campylobacter -C. jejune causes food borne intestinal disease -1 polar flagellum
-Heliobacter -causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancers -multiple flagella |
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GRAM NEG Phyla: Cyanobacteria |
-Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria -carry out oxygenic photosynthesis -many contain heterocyst that can fix nitrogen -gas vesicles that provide buoyancy -unicellular or filamentous |
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GRAM NEG Phyla: Chlamydiae |
-No peptidoglycan in the cell wall -Grow intracellularly -Form an elementary body that is infective |
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GRAM NEG Phyla: Spirochaetes |
-coiled and move via axial filaments -Leptospira - excreted in animal urine -Borrelia - Lyme -Treponema - syphilis |
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GRAM NEG Phyla: Deinococci |
-more reistant to radiation than endospores -Thermus aquaticus -found in hot spring in yellowstone -source of Taq polymerase |
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GRAM POSITIVE Phyla: Firmicutes |
1. Clostridiales 2. Bacillales 3. Lactobacillales 4. Mycoplasmatales |
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GRAM POSITIVE (LOW G & C) Phyla: Firmicutes Clostridiales |
Clostridium -Endospore-producing -Obligate ANAEROBE -Causes: -Tetanus -Botulism -gas gangrene |
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GRAM POSITIVE (LOW G & C) Phyla: Firmicutes Bacillales |
Bacillus -endospore-producing rods -B. anthraces causes anthrax -B. cereus causes food poisoning Staphylococcus -grape-like clusters -S. aureus causes wound infections, is often resistant to antibiotics, and produces an enterotoxin |
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GRAM POSITIVE (LOW G & C) Phyla: Firmicutes Lactobacillales |
-Aerotolerant anaerobes -produce lactic acid from simple carbohydrates -used commercially in food productions (yogurt, cheese...) Streptococcus -produce enzymes that destroy tissue -Beta-hemolytic on blood agar (S. pyogenes) -non-Beta-hemolycitc includes S. mutant, which causes cavities |
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GRAM POSITIVE (LOW G & C) Phyla: Firmicutes Mycoplasmatales |
-lack a cell wall -pleomorphic -M. pnemoniae causes mild pneumonia |
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GRAM Positive (HIGH G & C) Phyla: Actinobacteria |
-often pleomorphic -branching filaments -common inhabitants of SOIL Mycobacterium & Corynebacterium |
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GRAM Positive (High G & C ) Phyla: Actinobacteria Mycobacterium |
-outermost layer of mycolic acids that is waxy and water-resistant -slow-growing -M. tuberculosis -M. leprae (leprosy) |
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GRAM Positive (High G & C ) Phyla: Actinobacteria Corynebacterium |
-C. diphtheria causes diphtheria -club-shaped and form V or palisades -referred to as Chinese Letters |
