Ch 11 Patho - Urinary System - 11.1, 11.2 Lab Study Guide

Front 1

List the functions of the urinary system.

Back 1

Responsible for producing, storing and excreting urine. Cleansing the body of the products of metabolism and regulating the water, salts and acids in the body fluids ensure the body's homeostasis. The kidneys, which manufacture urine and pay a role in the regulation of systemic blood pressure and the accessory structures.also the secretion of renin and erythropoietin

Front 2

The urinary system is responsible for

Back 2

producing, storing, excreting urine

Front 3

The functional unit of the kidney

Back 3

nephron

Front 4

The three functional processes of the kidney in the manufacture of urine

Back 4

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Front 5

Urine is stored in the

Back 5

bladder

Front 6

The major structures of the urinary system

Back 6

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 7

symptoms of urinary disease

Back 7

nausea, bloody urine, decreased urinary output, hypertension

Front 8

What diagnostic test is often ordered to evaluate the function of the urinary system?

Back 8

urinalysis

Front 9

Name the procedure used to examine the urinary tract.

Back 9

cystoscopy

Front 10

Function of the urinary system is evaluated by

Back 10

urinalysis, blood tests

Front 11

What usually precedes acute glomerulonephritis?

Back 11

streptococcal infection (from Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus)

Front 12

Describe hematuria.

Back 12

Blood is present in the urine. urine appears dark or coffee-colored

Front 13

symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis.

Back 13

proteinuria, edema, decreased urine volume, hematuria, dark urine, streptococcal infection, hypertension, headaches, visual disturbances, malaise, anorexia, low-grade fever, flank or back pain.

Front 14

inflammation and swelling of the glomeruli.

Back 14

Acute glomerulonephritis

Front 15

Why does chronic glomerulonephritis lead to renal failure?

Back 15

Due to the extent of the destruction to the kidney and the patient's response to therapy, eventually it will lead to ESRF. it is a progressive noninfectious disease that leads to irreversible renal damage and failure

Front 16

can take place in the home or at the hospital. It removes impurities or wastes from the blood by using an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer).

Back 16

Hemodialysis

Front 17

is carried out in the patient's own body by using a dialysate solution and the peritoneal membrane to filter out the harmful toxins and excessive fluid.

Back 17

Peritoneal Dialysis

Front 18

nephrotic syndrome

Back 18

The disease which encompasses a group of symptoms referred to as the protein losing kidney. It is a disease of the basement membrane of the glomerulus, is secondary to a number of renal diseases and a variety of systemic disorders,

Front 19

Nephrotic syndrome encompasses a group of symptoms referred to as

Back 19

protein losing kidney

Front 20

types of nephrotoxic agents that commonly cause renal damage

Back 20

Solvents: Carbon Tetrachloride, Methanol, Ethylene Glycol.

Heavy Metals: Lead, Arsenic, Mercury.

Pesticides.

Antibiotics: Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Polymyxin B, Amphotericin B, Colistin, Neomycin, Phenazopyridine

NSAIDS.

Antineoplastic Agents.

Poisonous Mushrooms.

Misc. Compounds: Acetaminophen, Amphetamines, Heroin, Silicon, Cyclosporine

Front 21

nephrotoxic agent Heavy Metals include

Back 21

Lead, Arsenic, Mercury

Front 22

nephrotoxic agent solvents include

Back 22

Carbon Tetrachloride, Methanol, Ethylene Glycol

Front 23

nephrotoxic agent Antibiotics include

Back 23

Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Polymyxin B, Amphotericin B, Colistin, Neomycin, Phenazopyridine

Front 24

nephrotoxic agent Misc. Compounds include

Back 24

Acetaminophen, Amphetamines, Heroin, Silicon, Cyclosporine

Front 25

medications that may cause nephrotoxicity

Back 25

Gentamicin, Amphotericin B, Neomycin

Front 26

sequence of events when a patient has acute renal failure

Back 26

nitrogenous waste products begin to accumulate in the blood quickly, thereby causing an acute uremic episode, are classified as-

intrarenal damage is involved diminished blood flow to kidney-

mechanical damage is obstruction of urine flow▪

diagnosis: - BUN, creatinine, K levels are elevated Nephrotoxic substance causes renal dysfunction disrupts if untread can lead to death

Front 27

Initial symptoms of acute renal failure

Back 27

olguria, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, drowsiness, and other alterations in the level of consciousness

Front 28

most common type of kidney disease

Back 28

Pyelonephritis

Front 29

In relation to the urinary system, list the occasions when catheterization may be indicated

Back 29

This may be indicated prior to surgery, and(or) after surgery, to relieve urinary retention, to obtain a sterile urine specimen, to irrigate the bladder, or to treat urinary incontinence.

Front 30

pyuria

Back 30

urine containing pus

Front 31

treatment of choice for pyelonephritis

Back 31

intravenous or oral antibioticsusuallypenicillin or cephalosporingiven for a full 7 to10 days.

Front 32

Pressure from urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract causes what condition that affects the kidney?

Back 32

hydronephrosis

Front 33

When a patient has hydronephrosis, after what length of time will a kidney fail to function if an obstruction is not resolved?

Back 33

2 months

Front 34

What causes the symptoms of renal calculi to vary?

Back 34

the degree of obstruction

Front 35

Explain the usual treatment of renal calculi.

Back 35

lithotripsy, relief of pain, surgical intervention, increased fluid intake, and diuretics

Front 36

Kidney stones form when

Back 36

an excessive amount of calciumoruric acid in the blood.