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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alkaptonuria
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autosmal recessive traits witha ltered metabolism of homogentistic acid. Affected individuals do not produce the enzyme needed to metabolize this acid, and their urine turns black
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What is the relationship among DNA, RNA, proteins, and phenotype?
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DNA contains genes. Genes are made into copies of mRNA through transcription. mRNA is translated into a protein and carries out an action in a cell that creates a phenotype.
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Define replication, transcription, and translation. In what part of the cell does each process occur?
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replication makes DNA from a template. Transcription makes RNA from DNA template and translation makes amino acid chain from mRNA template. Replication and transcription happen in the nucleus while translation happens in the cytoplasm.
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what is the start codon? What are the stop codons? Do any of them code for amino acids
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Start is AUG that codes for methionine. 3 stop codons are UAA, UAG, UGA which do not code for amino acids.
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is the entire chromosome made into an mRNA during transcription
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No, genes transcribe into mRNA when their product is not needed. Genes need to be expressed independent so that a subset of protein is made.
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The 5' promoter and the 3' terminator regions of genes are important in
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gene regulation
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What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs that are ready to be used in protein synthesis? What is the function of each modification?
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1. removal of introns: to generate a contiguous coding sequence that can make an amino acid chain.
2. Addition of 5' camp: ribsome binding 3. addition of the 3' polyA tail: mRNA stability |
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rRNA
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Structural and functional part of a ribosome
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tRNA
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transports amino acids to translation machinery. Contains an anticodon (nucleotide triplet) that recognizes the codon (its complement) on the mRNA
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mRNA
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intermediate between DNA and proteins. Carries genetic info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where translation occurs.
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Difference between codons and anticodons
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codons are triplets of bases on an mRNA moelcule. Anticodons are triplets of bases on a tRNA molecule, and are complementary in sequences to the nucleotides in codons.
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a. Met
b. trp c. ser d. leu |
a. UAC
b. ACC c. UC(A/G) or AG(A/C/U/G) d. GA(U/C/A/G) or AA(U/C) |
