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66 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
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What are the Characteristics of Learning?
Result of Experience
Active Process
Multifaceted
Purposeful
RAMP
What are the Principles of Learning?
Readiness
Exercise
Effect
Primacy
Intensity
Recency
REEPIR
What is the Principle of Readiness?
Someone cannot learn until they are ready to learn
What is the Principle of Exercise?
The things most often repeated are best remembered. Repetition must be meaningful.
What is the Principle of Effect?
Learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or satisfied feeling.
What is the Principle of Primacy?
The first way something is taught is best remembered. Things must be taught correctly the first time.
What is the Principle of Intensity?
Students learn more from the real thing than from a substitute.
What is the Law of Recency?
Things which are most recently learned are best remembered.
What are perceptions?
Result when people give meaning to senses.
What are insights?
Groups of perceptions formed into meaningful wholes.
What are the levels of learning?
Rote
Understanding
Application
Correlation
RUAC
What is Rote Learning?
The ability to recall facts or figures. The ability to repeat without understanding.
What is Application?
The ability to perform what is being taught.
What is Correlation?
The ability to associate what has recently been learned to other learned items.
What are the types of Memory?
Sensory Register
Short Term Memory
Long Term Memory
What is the Sensory Register?
Recieves inputs from the environment and quickly decides what to keep and what to discard.
What is Short Term Memory?
Information passed from the Sensory Register. Will be forgotten in approximately 20 seconds without sorting.
What is Long Term Memory?
Once information is given meaning (Coded), it is stored for later use. Poor coding will result in poor recall.
What helps retain learning?
Praise
Association
Repetition (Meaningful)
Attitudes (Positive)
Senses (More is better)
PARAS
What are the elements in Maslow's Heirarchy of Human Needs?
Physical Needs
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Egoistic Needs
Self Fulfillment
PSSES
What are Physical Needs?
The basic instinctual needs for food, water and shelter.
What are Safety Needs?
The needs for protection against danger, threats or deprivation.
What are Social Needs?
The need to belong and associate with a group.
What are Egoistic Needs?
The needs relating to one's self esteem, reputation, status, recognition and appreciation.
What are Self Fulfillment Needs?
The need to recognize one's potential.
What are some common Defense Mechanisms?
Denial of Reality
Reaction Formation
Flight
Agression
Resignation
Compensation
Projection
Rationalization
What is Denial of Reality?
Ignoring or refusing to accept unpleasant realities.
What is Reaction Formation?
Hiding dangerous or threatening desires by developing attitudes that are just the opposite.
What is the defense mechanism Flight?
Mentally or physically removing one's self from frustration or problems.
What is Agression?
Internal or external manifestation of frustration.
What is Resignation?
Losing interest due to frustration, possibly giving up.
What is Compensation?
Attempting to hide a weak trait by emphasizing a more positive one.
What is Projection?
Blaming one's poor performance on others or external conditions.
What is Rationalization?
Justification of, or making excuses for, unacceptable actions. Individuals truly believe their excuses.
What are Normal Reactions to Stress?
Student acts quickly and exactly within the limits of their training.
What are some Abnormal Reactions to Stress?
Sweating
Paleness
Singing
Anxiety
Extreme Over-Cooperation
Inappropriate Laughter
Mood Swings
Severe Anger
What is the Process of Effective Communication?
The source (instructor) sends symbols (oral or visual codes) to the reciever (student) and the reciever reacts with understanding and a change in behavior.
What are the Barriers to Effective Communication?
Confusion of a Symbol
Overuse of Abstracts
Interference
Lack of Common Core Experience
COIL
What is the Teaching Process?
Preparation
Presentation
Application
Review and Evaluation
PPAR
What are some Teaching Methods?
Lecture
Guided Discussion
Group Learning
Computer Based Training (CBT)
Demonstration-Performance
What are the steps in the Demonstration-Performance Method?
Explanation
Demonstration
Student Performance
Instructor Supervision
Evaluation
EDSIE
What are the Characteristics of an Effective Question?
Specific Purpose
Stimulates Thoght
Requires a specific answer
Relates to previously taught information
Contains a single idea
Clear in Meaning
SSRRCC
What is the difference between a critique and an evaluation?
A critique is informal, constructive and used for teaching.
Evaluation is used to assess a student's ability, graded to a standard.
What are the Characteristics of an Effective Critique?
Flexible
Acceptable
Specific
Thoughtful
Comprehensive
Organized
Constructive
Objective
FASTCOCO
What are the Ground Rules for Critiquing?
Make sure oral & written critiques correspond
Avoid covering too much
Avoid controversies
Make time for critique
Don't extend beyond scheduled time
Avoid absolute statements
Don't defend criticism
MAAMDAD
What are some Methods of Evaluation?
Performance
Oral
Written
POW
What are the Characteristics of an Effective Written Test?
Validity
Comprehensiveness
Reliability
Objectiveness
Usability
Discrimination
VCROUD
What is Validity in a written test?
The test measures what it is supposed to measure.
What is Comprehensiveness in a written test?
The test samples liberally from all areas to be tested
What is Reliability in a written test?
The test will yield consistent results.
What is Objectivity in a written test?
The test will not reflect any bias of the person scoring it.
What is Usability in a written test?
The test is easy to take and easy to grade.
What is Discrimination in a written test?
The test is able to detect small differences in individual achievement.
What are the Guidelines for Using Instrucional Aids?
Objectives (Define)
Research (Are aids needed?)
Organize (Lesson Plan)
Support with Aids
OROS
What are the Reasons for Using Instructional Aids?
Visualize
Retains Knowledge
Attention (holds)
Time Efficient
VRAT
What are the Responsibilities of the Instructor?
Help students learn
Instruction (Provide adequate)
Pilot supervision
Practical test recommendations
Evaluate student's abilities
Emphasizing the positive
Additional training and endorsements
Flight instructor endorsements
Demanding adequate standards of performance
HIPPEE AFD
What are the Characteristics of Professionalism?
Minimize student frustrations
Sincerity
Safety
Acceptance of student
Language
Appearance
Demeanor
Self improvement
MS SALADS
What are Objectives and Standards?
Objectives are goals set for the student to learn each lesson. Standards are set to determine the abilities of the student for each objective.
What are Blocks of Learning?
Lessons are created in small units called blocks. Each block can be tied to a previous lesson to build upon it and added to later in a future lesson.
What Resources do instructors have at their disposal?
Books (Rotorcraft flying handbook, FAR/AIM, AFD etc.)
Visual Aids (Mini Heli, Parts etc.)
Whiteboards
Other Instructors
The Internet
What is a Lesson Plan?
An organized outline or blueprint for a single instuctional period.
What is the Purpose of a Lesson Plan?
Assures the best possible instruction under existing conditions. Includes:
Material (A wise selection of)
Suitable sequence
Organized outline for teaching
Consideration given to each part
Confidence for new instructors
Uniformity of instruction
Relates lesson to objectives
MSOCCUR
What are the Characteristics of an Effective Lesson Plan?
Practical
Relates to course training
Flexible
Unity
Content
Scope
PRFUCS
Why is an effective lesson plan Practical?
The lesson plan is planned to fit existing conditions.
Why is an effective lesson plan Flexible?
The lesson plan can be modified within reason as the instructor sees fit.
Why is the Scope of a lesson plan important?
Students can only master so much at one time.