Central Dogma

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Central Dogma

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Flow of genetic information within a biological

System from living thing to living thing

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Chargaffs rules

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Concentration of bases adenine =thymine =cytosine

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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Copies the genetic instruction from DNA in the

nucleus and carries them to the cytoplasm

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Ribosomal RNA

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Helps from ribosomes where proteins are

Assembled

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Transfer RNA

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Brings amino acids to ribosomea where they joined together to from proteins

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Codon

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Letters are combined in groups of 3 to from code words

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Genetic code

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Sequence of nitrogen bases -A C G T (or U) - in a Polynucleotide chain these are the instrucions from DNA

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Promoter code

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Is a region a DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene

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Protei synthesis

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Process in which cells make proteins

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Transcription

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Frist part of central dogma of molecular biology

DNA-> RNA

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Translation

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SecondFpart of central dogma of molecular biology DNA-> protein

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Chromosomal alteration

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Mutations that change chromosome structure

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Frameshift mutation

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A type of genes mutation wherein the addition

Or deletion of a numder of nucleotide(s) causes a shift in the reading frame of the codons in the mRNA

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Genetic Disorder

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Disease caused by a muamtation in one or a few

Genes

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Mutagen

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Anythinh in the environment that can cause a mutation

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Mutation

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Change in the sequence of basses in DNA OR RNA

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mutation

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Change in the single nucleotide inDNA

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Point mutation

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Change in the single nucleotide inDNA

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Somatic mutation

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Mutations may have littel effect on the organism because they are confined to jist one cell abd its daughter

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Gene expression

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The converison of the info. From the gene into MRNA via trancription and then to protein via translation resulting in the phenotypic manifestation of the gene

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Operator

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Is a segment of DNA to which a transcriptipn factor binds to regulate gene expression

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Operon

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Region of DNA that consista of one or more genes that encode the proteins needed for a specific function

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Regulatory protein

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Any protein that interacts with DNA sequences of a gene and control its transcrpion