Cellular Structure & Function A & P Chap 3

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BUILDING BLOCK FOR ALL ORGANISMS

Back 1

CELL

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THIN & FLAT CELLS COVERING SURFACES OR LINING TUBES (CORNFLAKE SHAPED)

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SQUAMOUS CELL
EX: LINING OF ESOPHAGUS

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SQUARE OR CUBE SHAPED, APPROXIMATELY AS WIDE AS TALL

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CUBOIDAL CELL
EX: LIVER CELLS

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MUCH TALLER THAN THEY ARE WIDE

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COLUMNAR
EX: INTESTINAL LINING

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EGGS CELLS AND FAT CELLS, ROUND OR OVAL

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SPHEROID CELL

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THICK IN THE MIDDLE AND TAPERED TOWARDS THE ENDS

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FUSIFORM CELL
EX: SMOOTH MUSCLE

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STAR SHAPED CELLS

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STELLATE CELL
EX: SOME NERVE CELLS

Front 8

CELL SIZE IS LIMITED TO

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VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA RATIO

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GENERAL STRUCTURES OF A CELL

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CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
INTRACELLULAR ORGANELLES

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WHAT DO HOOK, SCHWANN & PASTUER HAVE IN COMMOM

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CELL THEORY

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MADE OF BILAYER OF LIPIDS WITH DIVERSE PROTEINS AND CHOLESTEROL EMBEDDED IN IT

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CELL MEMBRANE

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TRANSPORTS CHEMICALS AND HORMONES

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CELL/PLASMA MEMBRANE

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MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES FROM HIGH TO LOWER CONCENTRATION

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DIFFUSION

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DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH SELECT PERMEABLE MEMBRANE FROM HIGHER TO LOWER CONCENTRATION

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OSOMOSIS

Front 15

CONTAINS DNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR CELL FUNCTION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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NUCLEUS

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FLUID IN CELLS CONTAINS ORGANELLES

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CYTOPLASM OR CYTOSOL

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TARGET FOR MANY PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS

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CELL MEMBRANE

Front 18

FUZZY COAT EXTERNAL TO PLASMA MEMBRANE ON ALL ANIMAL CELLS. ACTS AS ID TAG TO TELL GOOD OR BAD CELLS

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GLYCOCALAX

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AID IN ABSORPTION, MOVEMENT AND SENSORY PROCESSES

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SURFACE EXTENSIONS

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EXTENSIONS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE. SERVE PRIMARILY TO INCREASE CELL SURFACE AREA

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MICROVILLI

Front 21

ACTS AS A BARRIER AND GATEWAY BETWEEN THE CYTOPLASM AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

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PLASMA MEMBRANE

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PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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FILTERATION
OSMOSIS
DIFFUSION

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TYPE OF TRANSPORT THAT REQUIRES ATP

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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
VESICULAR TRANSPORT

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ABILITY OF A SOLUTION TO AFFECT FLUID VOLUME AND PRESSURE IN CELL

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TONICITY

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AREA AROUND CELL HAS HIGHER CONCENTRATION THAN INTRACELLULAR FLUID

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HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
CELLS WILL LOSE WATER AND CRENATE OR SHRIVEL

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AREA AROUND CELL HAS LOWER CONCENTRATION THAT INTRACELLULAR FLUID

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HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
CELLS WILL ABSORB WATER AND SWELL/LYSE

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AREA AROUND THE CELL HAS SAME TOTAL CONCENTRATION AS THE INTRACELLULAR FLUID

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ISOTONIC SOLUTION

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USED TO REGULATE THE BALANCE OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM WITHIN CELL

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SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP

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MOVES LARGE PARTCLES AND DROPLETS OF FLUID OR MOLECULES THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AT ONCE

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VESICULAR TRANSPORT

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VESICULAR PROCESS THAT BRINGS MATTER INTO THE CELL

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ENDOCYTOSIS

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CELL EATING
FOREIGN PARTICLES ARE ENGULFED

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PHAGOCYTOSIS

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CELL DRINKING WHERE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID IS TAKEN IN

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PINOCYTOSIS

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VESICULAR PROCESS THAT RELEASES MATTER FROM A CELL

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EXOCYTOSIS

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NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, LYSOSOMES, ENDOPLASMIC RET, GOLGI COMPLEX HAVE WHAT IN COMMON

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ARE MEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES

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RIBOSOMES, CENTROSOMES, CENTRIOLES, BASAL BODIES

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ARE NON MEMBRANEOUS
ORGANELLS

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SYNTHESIS STEROIDS AND LIPIDS AND DETOX ALCOHOL AND DRUGS

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
(LITTLE NETWORK WITHIN CYTOPLASM)

Front 37

POWER PLANT STORES ATP

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MITOCHONDRIA

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PACKAGES PROTEINS

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GOLGI COMLEX

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PRODUCED BY GOLGI COMPLEX CONTAINS ENZYMES AIDS IN DIGESTION

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LYSOSOMES

Front 40

READ CODED DNA MESSAGE AND SYNTHESIZES PROTEINS

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RIBOSOMES

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COLLECTION OF PROTEIN FILAMENTS AND CYLINDERS THAT DETERMINE SHAPE OF CELL

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CYTOSKELETON

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AIDS IN CELLS DIVISION
OR MITOSIS

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CENTRIOLES

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SMALLER THAN LYSOSOMES NEUTRALIZE FREE RADICALS AND DETOX ALCOHOL

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PEROXISOMES

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PROCESS WHICH CELLS DIVIDE TO GROW OR TO REPAIR DAMAGE

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MITOSIS

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CONDENSING OF CHROMATIN FIBERS INTO CHROMATID PAIRS

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PROPHASE
1ST PHASE

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CHROMATID PAIRS LINE UP ALONG THE METAPHASE PLATE

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METAPHASE
2ND PHASE

Front 47

THE CENTROMERES JOINING THE CHROMATIDS SPLIT, IDENTICAL SETS MOVE TO OPPOSITE SIDES OF CELL

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ANAPHASE
3RD PHASE

Front 48

NUCLEOLI REAPEAR AROUND 2 NEW SETS OF CHROMOSOMES AND CELL
BEGINS T SPLIT FOR CYTOKINESIS

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TELOPHASE