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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is accomplished by the process of photosynthesis? |
Photosynthesis makes simple sugars for the plant. Carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given off as waste. |
CO2 |
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What is the function of cellular respiration? |
It provides cells with the energy they need to function. |
Energy |
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What is ATP? |
ATP supplies the energy for cellular activities. ATP is the most used molecule to provide energy. |
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How is ATP related to ADP? |
ADP is simply ATP minus one of its phosphates |
adenosine triphosphate & denosine diphosphate |
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What is chlorophyll? |
Green coloured molecules that trap solar energy. |
Sunlight |
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Where in a plant cell are green parts located? Where is it often located in the cell? Name the organelle and where the green material is attached. |
Chlorophyll molecules are located in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplast |
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What is the function of Mitochondria? |
They are organelles that enable cells to efficiently extract energy from their food. |
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Which releases energy: Metabolic pathways that synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones or metabolic pathways that break down larger molecules into smaller ones. |
Catabolic metabolic pathways break down larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy. |
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What happens to the electrons that are lost by a compound that is undergoing an oxidation reaction? |
It causes the reduction of another compound |
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Which contains more energy a compound in its oxidized form or a compound in its reduced form? |
Reduced form |
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What are the two sets of reactions that are involved in photosynthesis? |
Light dependent reactions and light independent reactions |
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What is pigment? |
Pigment is a compound that traps light energy and passes it on to other chemicals which use the energy to synthesis high energy compounds |
light energy |
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What makes chlorophyll green? |
Chlorophyll is green because this pigment absorbs all the wavelengths of sunlight except green wavelength |
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What is an advantage to a plant of having more than one pigment? |
Enables a plant to use a greater percentage of the suns light |
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What is a photosystem? |
A photosystem is basically like a small antenna that uses the energy from the sun to break water molecules and/or move electrons |
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Identify the types of molecules that are present in a photosystem |
Chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules |
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How does NADP+ become converted to NADPH? |
An enzyme in Photosystem I of the light reaction transfers two electrons through the electron transport chain that reduces NADP+ to NADPH |
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How are electrons replaced in photosystem 1, and what is the source of replacement electrons? |
The two photosystems absorb light energy through proteins containing pigments, such as chlorophyll. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II . In PSII, energy from sunlight is used to split water, which releases two electrons, two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. |
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What is the effect of having a greater concentration of hydrogen ion in the thylakoid space then in the stroma? |
This creates a concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane. When the H+ ions "whoosh" through the ATP synthase enzyme molecule is it like turning a turbine. This energy is used to join a free phosphate to ADP making ATP. |
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Why can't hydrogen ions diffuse out of the thylakoid space? |
The membrane of thylakoids is impermeable to H+ |
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What is ATP synthase and, and what is its significance? |
ATP synthase is an enzyme in the thylakoid membrane. It is the only place H+ions can move down their concentration gradient by linking the movement of the H+ ions from the thylakoid space to the stroma to power the reaction. |
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What two events are linked in chemiosmosis? |
The movement of H+ ions to making ATP. |
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What is the function and significance of the calvin benson cycle? |
The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to convert carbon dioxide in the air into sugar, which plants and algae use as food. The Calvin cycle is responsible for providing all organisms with food and nutrients in some way. |
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What does the term "Carbon dioxide fixation" mean |
The carbon atom in carbon dioxide is chemically bonded to a preexisting molecule in the stroma |
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Describe how aerobic cellular respiration is different from anaerobic respiration? |
Anaerobic respiration in muscles. Glucose is not completely broken down, so much less energy is released than during aerobic respiration. |
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State where glycolysis occurs in a cell and whether or not oxygen is required? |
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells. It is also a anaerobic process, which means that it can proceed without oxygen.
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What is aerobic cellular respiration?
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Requires oxygen to produce ATP |
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What is anaerobic cellular respiration?
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It does NOT require oxygen to produce ATP
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Name three products that result from glycolysis?
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The products of glycolysis are two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of NADH, and a net of two molecules of adenosine triphosphate |
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