Cellular And Molecular Biology

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Prokaryotes Cells

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Cells that have no nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles

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Organelles

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Cell components that perform particular functions

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Eukaryotic Cells

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Cells that contain membrane-bound intracellular organelles, including a nucleus

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Schleiden & Schwann

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these scientists developed the cell theory

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Cell Theory

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All living things are made up of one or more cells, Cells are the basic units of life, All cells come from pre-existing cells

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Mitochondria

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Organelles that make energy available to the cell

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Endocytic Vesicles

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These form when the plasma membrane surrounds a molecule outside the membrane then releases a membrane-bound sack containing the desired molecule into the cytoplasm. This allows the cell to absorb things that cannot pass through the cell membrane.

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Microvilli

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Projections of the cell extending from the cell membrane. They increase surface area available to absirb nutrients

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Cytoskeleton

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Provides structural support to a cell

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Microtubules

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Long, hollow, cylindrical protein filaments, which give structure to a cell.

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Microfilaments

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Double-stranded chains of proteins which assist in giving structure to the cell. Works with Microtubules to form the cytoskeleton

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Centrioles

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Structural component of the cell. Microtubules arranged in a pinwheel shape that actually form new microtubules.

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Ribosomes

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the site of protein synthesis within a cell (Free & Attached)

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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A large organization of folded membranes which is responsible for the delivery of lipids and proteins to the cytoplasm (Rough & Smooth)

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Golgi Apparatus

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This organelle is instrumental in storing, packing, and shipping of proteins to different parts of the cell

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Lysomes

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These organelles digest unused material within the cell

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Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole

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Three plant cell organelles not found in animal cells

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Passive Transport, Active Transport, Facilitated Diffusion

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Three methods through which substances can cross the cell membrane

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Passive Transport

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Method in which substances can pass through the cell membrane without the cell expending any energy

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Active Transport

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Method in which substances can pass through the cell membrane that requires the cell to expending energy

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Facilitated Diffusion

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Method in which substances can pass through the cell membrane that does not require added energy, but cannot occur without the help of specialized proteins

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Endocytosis

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Process whereby large molecules are engulfed in a pocket of cell membrane and absorbed into the cell

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Catalyst

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A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction

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Enzymes

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These are synthesized at the ribosomes, just like all proteins

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Photolysis

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The light, decomposition reaction of photosynthesis

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CO2 Fixation

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The dark reaction of photosynthesis

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Glycolosis

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The breaking down of the glucose into smaller carbon-containing molecules yielding ATP

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Glycolosis

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the first step of all cellular respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm

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Anaerobic

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Glycolosis is a(n) …………reaction

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Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport

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Aerobic respiration begins with glycolosis and proceeds through these two steps…

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Krebs Cycle

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This portion of aerobic respiration oocurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and breaks down pyruvic acid molecules into CO2, H+, and 2 ATP molecules

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Fermentation

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Anaerobic respiration is also called….