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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the resolution and magnification of a light microscope? |
200nm and x1,500 |
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What is the resolution and magnification of a transmission electron microscope? |
0.1nm and x500,000 |
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What is the resolution and magnification of a scanning electron microscope? |
0.1nm and x100,000 |
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Define the magnification |
The degree to which the size of an image is larger than itself |
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Define the resolution |
The degree to which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are very close together |
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How do you calculate the linear magnification of an image? |
Image size = actual size x magnification (I/AM) |
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What is the structure and function of the nucleus? |
a) largest organelle surrounded by double membrane b) houses all of the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA which contains the instructions for protein synthesis |
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What is the structure and function of the nucleolus? |
a) dense, spherical structure inside the nucleus b) makes ribosomes and RNA which pass into the cytoplasm and are used in protein synthesis |
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What is the structure and function of the nuclear envelope? |
a) surrounds the nucleus b) double membrane with nuclear pores allows for only certain substances to pass into and out of the nucleus |
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What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
a) continuous with the nuclear envelope, studded with ribosomes unlike the smooth endoplasmic reticulum b) transports proteins made by the attached ribosomes in vesicles |
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What is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
a) straight continuous membrane, long network of folded tube-like structure b) involved in the making and storage of carbohydrates and lipids |
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What is the structure and function of the golgi apparatus? |
a) curved stack of membrane-bound flattened sacs, compact and formed of cisternae b) modifies proteins received from the RER then packages into vesicles to be transported - adding sugar molecules - adding lipid molecules - folding proteins into their 3D shapes |
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What is the structure and function of the ribosomes? |
a) tiny, some bound to the RER b) site of protein synthesis |
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What is the structure and function of the mitochondria? |
a) spherical or sausage shaped with a double membrane - inner forms highly folded cristae which contain enzymes used in aerobic respiration b) where ATP is made |
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What is the structure and function of the lysosomes? |
a) spherical sacs with a single membrane b) contain digestive enzymes used to break down material |
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What is the structure and function of the chloroplasts? |
a) only present in plant cells, two membranes, contain thylakoids b) site of photosynthesis in plant cells |
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What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane? |
a) phospholipid bilayer b) controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell |
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What is the structure and function of the centrioles? |
a) small tubes of protein fibres, pair of them next to the nucleus in animal cells, composed of microtubules b) form the spindle which moves chromosomes during cell division |
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What is the structure and function of the flagella and cilia? |
a) hair like or whip like extensions projecting from the surface of the cell, cilia have 9+2 arrangement of microtubules b) move by ATP e.g. wave mucus along trachea or help sperm swim, sometimes used as sensory organelle |
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What is the structure and function of the vesicles? |
a) membranous sacs, single membrane with fluid inside b) used to store and transport materials inside the cell |
