Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell division |
Cells come from other cells through this process |
|
Plasma membrane |
Cell membrane that separates the inside from the outside |
|
Cytoplasm |
Contains the orgenelles |
|
Nucleus |
Controls the cell activities |
|
Orgenelle |
A membrane bound structure with a cell that carries out specific functions |
|
Parts of a cell... |
... |
|
Flagellum |
Moves the entire cell and is only present in some cells |
|
Cilia |
Projections from the cell membrane that move material along cells surface and are present only in some cells |
|
Centrosomes |
Array of microtubules and proteins that move material and microfilaments during cell division |
|
Cytosol |
The fluid inside the cell where most of the chemical reactions occur |
|
Lysosomes |
Where ingested material and worn out organelles are digested |
|
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
Membrane system that makes up the fatty acids and stations detoxifies drugs and stores calcium ions for intercellular signaling |
|
Rough endoplasmic Raticulum |
Membrane system attached to ribosomes whe r new proteins and phospholipids are made |
|
Nucleus |
A large structure consisting of a nuclear envelope with pores: contains the genetic material that controls and directs cell activities |
|
Ribosomes |
Floating fiercely in the cytosol, involved in making new proteins |
|
Plasma membrane |
Lipid bilayer barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside; controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell and plays a role and communication |
|
Golgi complex |
Relay station where newly made proteins are processed and stored in various destinations within the cell |
|
Mitochondrion |
Folded i,error membrane surrounded by smooth outer membrane; makes cells ATP |
|
Lipid bilayer |
Flexible barrier made of two layers of phospholipids |
|
Glycolipids |
Other lipids within the bilayer |
|
Integral proteins |
Proteins are firmly embedded into the bilayer |
|
Peripheral n proteins |
Proteins are loosely embedded into the bilayer |
|
Glycoproteins s |
Sugar attachments |
|
Plasma membrane |
Has four basic fuctions |
|
1. Function |
Barrier that seprat ed the inside of the cell from its surrondings |
|
2. Function |
Transport proteins ; bilayer controls the flow of material into and out of cell via selective permeability |
|
3. Function |
External glycolipids on the plasma membrane help identify the cell to immune cells |
|
4. Function |
Receptor proteins and some enzymes participate in intercellular signaling |
|
What is selective permeability |
Property of a membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not oth r s |
|
Cytoskeleton |
Made of networks |
|
Microfilaments |
Small protein strands that provide mechanical AL support and generate force for movement; anchor proteins within the plasma membrane and provide support for microvilli |
|
Intermediate filaments |
They hold orgenelles in place and attach cells to one another |
|
Centriols |
Hollow cylinders each made of nine sets of three microtubules surrounded by proteins called tublins which make up the percicentriod material |
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Membrane system that extends from the outer nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm |
|
Peroxisome |
Enzymes called oxidases that remove hydrogen atoms from various molecules such as amin and fatty acids |
|
Proteasome |
Break down faulty proteins into peptides |
|
Mitochondrial matrix |
Fluid compartment inside the inner membrane |
|
Oxidative phosphorylation |
Movement of electrons through the inner membrane of the mitochdria is the coupled making ATP |
|
Nuclear envelope |
Enclosed by double membrane |
|
Nuclear pores |
Controls movement in and out of nucleus |
|
Nucleolus |
Made of DNA/ RNA and proteins it makes ribosomes |
|
Chromatin |
Non-dividing cell the genetic material is spread out in this form |
|
Chromosomes |
Dividing cell into genetic material to create structures |
|
Interstitial fluid |
Fluid between cells within a tissue |
|
Plasma |
Fluid within a blood vessel |
|
Lymph |
Fluid within lymphatic vessel |
|
Cerebrospinal fluid |
Fluid surrondings the brain and spinal cord |
|
Solute |
Substance that is dissolved within a fluid |
|
Solvent |
A fluid or gas which a solute dissolved in given volume solvent |
|
Concentration gradient |
The concentration of a substance between two areas |
|
Diffusion |
Process by which so lures move from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
|
Transport proteins |
Substance can dissolve in the lipids of the membrane it will pass directly through it |
|
Channels or pores |
Tunnels with an opening large enough to allow the substance to pass through |
|
Carriers |
Substance that binds to the outside surface of the carrier |
|
Facilitated diffusion |
Diffusion across a membrane with the aid of a transport protein |
|
Osmosis |
Diffusion of water through a selective permeability membrane |
|
Isotonic |
The solute concentration outside the cell is the same as the inside of the cell |
|
Hypertonic = less |
The solute concentration outside the cell is less than the concentration inside the cell |
|
Hypertonic= more |
The solute concentration outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside the cell |
|
Active transport |
Is the process in which energy is used to move substances across a membrane against a concentration gradient |
|
Pumps |
Use energy from splitting ATP to power the movement of substances |
|
Exchangers |
Move a substance against its concentration gradient by combining it with the movement of a second substance down its concentration gradient |
|
Electrically coupled transporters |
Move a substance against its concentration gradient by coupling to the movement of electrons across some membranes |
|
Vesicle |
Sax move about the cell interior with energy supplied by ATP and contractions of microfilaments would pull them along |
|
Endocytosis |
Involves ingesting material by forming a vesicle from the plasma membrane sack of ingested material buds off inside the cell and usually fuses with lysosomes |
|
Phagocytosis |
Cell eats large particles such as bacteria viruses and dead cells plasma membrane forms projections called pseudopods the induce the material to form of a circle called phaopsome |
|
pinocytosis |
The sell drinks by forming small vesicle around droplets of extra cooler fluid |
|
Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
When hormones bind to receptors on the plasma membrane |
|
Hormone |
A chemical message by which one cell produces an effect in another cell |
|
Receptor |
A specific molecule or cluster of molecules that recognize and bind a hormone or drug |
|
Exocytosis |
Proteins or other secretary substances are made within the electromagnet reticulum and transported within vesicles to the Golgi complex |
|
Genes |
The instructions to build proteins are contained in DNA |
|
Messenger RNA |
Copy of DNA is made in the nucleus and is called transcription |
|
Terminator |
Stop copying falls off of DNA and releases the mRNA |
|
Transfer RNA |
Brings the amino acids to the ribosomes |
|
Mitosis |
Divides into two identical cells |
|
Meiosis |
Two rounds of cell division to produce for cells |
|
Gamete |
Sex cell such as an egg or a sperm |
|
Cell cycle |
Cell is continually charging from the time it forms until it divides |
|
4 phases for mitosis |
Prophase metaphase anaphase telophase |
|
Diploid |
Referring to a cell or an organism that has two sets of chromosomes |
|
1. Interphase |
Cell prepares for division by making new proteins copying DNA |
|
2. Prophase |
Microtubules attach to the centromere of each chromosome in add to the centrioles of centrosomes |
|
3. Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and form the metaphase plate |
|
4. Anaphase |
Mitotic spindle shortens and pulls the sister chromatids each chromosomes to opposite ends of cell |
|
5. Telephase |
Cytoplasm pinches in the middle and divides to form two separate but identical cells |
|
6. Interphase for cells |
Identical cells carry out normal functions and grow until the next division |
|
Homologous |
Similar in structure function or sequence of genetic information |
|
Hoploid |
Referring to a cell or an organism that has only one set of chromosomes |