Cell Unit Study Guide

Front 1

What is a cell?

Back 1

A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Front 2

Which scientist discovered and named cells?

Back 2

Robert Hooke

Front 3

Which scientist discovered that all cells come from other cell?

Back 3

Rudy Virchow

Front 4

No one knew about cells until the invention of what piece of scientific equipment?

Back 4

Microscope

Front 5

Which scientist made his own microscopes and found tiny cells swimming in pond water, which he called “animalcules” since they looked like small animals swimming around?

Back 5

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 6

What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?

Back 6

. All living things are made of cells

. All cells come from other cells

. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Front 7

Why do cells need to be so small?

Back 7

Cells need to be small so they can get food in and waste out.

Front 8

What are the two basic types of cells?

Back 8

. Eukaryote

. Prokaryote

Front 9

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back 9

Prokaryotes cells lack a nucleus and membrane. Eukaryote has a nucleus and a membrane.

Front 10

What are the two types of eukaryotic cells we have studied?

Back 10

. animal cell

. plant cells

Front 11

What are the small, specialized structures within cells that have a specific function?

Back 11

Organelles

Front 12

The cell to the side is a(n)

Back 12

Prokaryote

Front 13

The cell to the side is a(n)

Back 13

Eukaryote- Animal Cell

Front 14

The cell to the side is a(n)

Back 14

Eukaryote- Plant Cell

Front 15

Nucleus

Back 15

Controls center of the cell and contains the cells DNA

Front 16

Ribosomes

Back 16

Made of RNA and protein these are the sight of protein synthesis

Front 17

Lysosomes

Back 17

Contain digestives enzymes that destroy waste materials

Front 18

Golgi complex

Back 18

Modifies, packages, and delivers proteins throughout the cell or out of the cell

Front 19

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 19

Delivers protein throughout the cell (ribosomes are on it)

Front 20

Cell membrane

Back 20

A phospholipid bilayer that covers a cell’s surface and controls what enters and exits the cell

Front 21

Cell wall

Back 21

Surrounds the cell membrane and provides the support for the cell (The reason plants stand up right)

Front 22

Chloroplast

Back 22

Where photosynthesis takes place

Front 23

Mitochondria

Back 23

Were sugar is broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP

Front 24

Vesicles

Back 24

Small bubbles that move materials in a cell

Front 25

What are two main differences between plant and animal cells?

Back 25

A plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplast.

Front 26

What is the name of the model developed by S.J. Singer that describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Back 26

Fluid Mosaic Model

Front 27

The “water loving” heads are called

Back 27

Hydrophilic Heads

Front 28

The “water hating” tails are called

Back 28

Hydrophobic Tails

Front 29

What is A

Back 29

Hydrophilic Heads

Front 30

What is B

Back 30

Hydrophobic Tails

Front 31

Why is the cell membrane called semipermeable?

Back 31

It is selectively chooses what can cross into or out of the cell

Front 32

What molecules are embedded in the cell membrane that have many functions, one of which is to form openings for substances to move through?

Back 32

Proteins

Front 33

Define passive transport

Back 33

The movement of molecules across the membrane without using energy.

Front 34

Define active transport

Back 34

The movement of molecules across the membrane using energy

Front 35

What is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Back 35

Diffusion

Front 36

Which type of transport would the cell perform if the cell membrane folds around waste materials to form a vesicle and then pushes the waste out of the cell?

Back 36

Exocytocis

Front 37

Which type of transport would the cell perform if the cell membrane enclosed around nutrients and then brought those nutrients into the cell by forming a vesicle?

Back 37

Endocytocis

Front 38

Which type of transport occurs when oxygen moves directly through the membrane from high concentration to low concentration?

Back 38

Simple Diffusion

Front 39

Which type of transport occurs when glucose moves through a channel protein to cross the membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Back 39

Facilitated Diffusion

Front 40

Which type of transport occurs when water moves through the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Back 40

Osmosis

Front 41

Why do materials need to move into and out of a cell?

Back 41

Balance of materials inside and outside the cell.