Cell Structures And Function

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cell

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The basic unit of structure and function in living things

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microscope

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An instrument that makes small objects look larger

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cell theory

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A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

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organelle

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A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the wall

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cell wall

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A rigid layer of nonliving matrrial that surronds the cells of plants and some other organisms

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cell membrane

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A cell structure that cobtrols which substances can enter or leave the cell

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nucleus

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A cell structure that contains nucleus acids, the chemical instructions that direct the cell's activities

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cytoplasm

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The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus in organisms without a nucleus, the region inside the cell membrane

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mitochondria

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Rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry its functions.

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endoplasmic reticulum

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A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one oart of the cell to another

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ribosome

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A small grain-like structue in the cytoplams of a cell where proteins are made.

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Golgi body

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A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from endoplasmic retculum pacakages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell

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chloroplast

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A structure in the cell of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.

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vacuole

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A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area

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lysosome

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A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particules into smaller ones

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element

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Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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compound

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Two or more elements that are chemically combined

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carbohydrate

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Energy-rich organic compound, such as sugar or starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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lipid

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Energy-rich organic compound such as fat, oil, or wax that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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protein

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Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

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amino acid

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A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins

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enzyme

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A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living things

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nucleic acid

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Large organic molecules made of crbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

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RNA

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Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins

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selectively permeable

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A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through while others cannot

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diffusion

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The process by which molescules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of flower concentration

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osmosis

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The diffusuion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

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passive transport

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A chart or family tree that tracks which memeber of a family have a particular trait

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active transport

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The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy